A centriole is a microtubule-based structure that exists as part of the centrosome and aids in the organisation of microtubules in the body. The major unit in the cell that generates and anchors microtubules is the centriole.
A eukaryotic cell typically has one centriole that is perpendicular to a second centriole in the centrosome. Microtubules branch out from each centriole and use the centriole as an anchor for the microtubule’s base.
Centriole
The basic building elements of life are cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living things. Organelles are microscopic functional parts found within cells. Each organelle performs a different function in the cell. A centriole is an organelle that helps in cell division and duplication.
Animal cells are the only ones that have centrioles. Microtubules are protein strands that make up all centrioles. Centrioles are cylinders made up of nine triplets of microtubules. Three pipes are cemented together to produce a triplet, and then nine triplets are glued together to form an even larger pipe. Two centrioles normally meet at a right angle when they come together.
Centrosome Centrioles
Mitosis is the division of cells into two new, identical cells. The cells must create two copies of their DNA before mitosis can begin. Each one will be transferred to a new cell, ensuring that the new cells have the exact quantity of DNA they require.
This process requires the centrosome and centrioles. Two centrioles join with other unique proteins to create the centrosome during cell division. A centrosome is made up of two centrioles and microtubules.
Location of Centrioles
Centrioles can be present in all animal cells and a few lower plant cells. A centrosome is a structure within the cell that contains two centrioles: a mother centriole and a daughter centriole.
Composition
Except for a few species, such as crabs, which have nine sets of microtubule doublets, most centrioles are made up of nine sets of microtubule triplets. A few other species have centriole structures that differ from the norm. Tubulin is a single type of globular protein that makes up microtubules.
Functions
The centrosome and centrioles replicate and travel to opposing ends of the cell during mitosis, or cell division. Centrioles assist in the organisation of the microtubules that transport chromosomes during cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.
Centrioles are also necessary for the production of cilia and flagella, which are cell structures. Cellular movement is aided by cilia and flagella, which are present on the outer surface of cells. A basal body is formed by combining a centriole with numerous other protein structures. The anchoring locations for moving cilia and flagella are called basal bodies.
Hence the main Function of Centrioles are
- The major function of the centriole in animal cells is to promote cell division.
- During cell division, centrioles also help in the production of spindle fibres that split the chromosomes (mitosis).
- Celiogenesis is the second function of centrioles that we will discuss. Celiogenesis is the process of cells forming cilia and flagella on their surfaces. Cell movement is aided by cilia and flagella.
Important Role in Cell Division
Centrioles are found outside of the cell nucleus, but close to it. There are several phases of cell division: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, in that sequence. Centrioles serve a crucial function in all stages of cell division. The end goal is to transfer replicated chromosomes to a freshly formed cell.
Structure of a Centriole
A centriole is made up of nine groups of microtubules called triplet microtubules, which are arranged in threes. Because they are made up of three concentric rings of microtubules that form together, triplet microtubules are extremely strong. Other strong microtubule structures, such as the basal bodies of cilia and flagella, contain triplet microtubules. Special proteins bind each triplet together, giving a centriole its shape.
Amorphous material called pericentriolar material surrounds the triplet microtubules and includes many of the chemicals required for microtubule formation. Tubulin is a tiny monomer that can come together to form long, hollow tubes that resemble straws. Each microtubule in a triplet is made up of small units of tubulin.
Conclusion
A centriole is a microtubule-based structure that exists as part of the centrosome and aids in the organisation of microtubules in the body. The major unit in the cell that generates and anchors microtubules is the centriole. Important Role in Cell Division
Centrioles are found outside of the cell nucleus, but close to it. There are several phases of cell division: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, in that sequence. Centrioles serve a crucial function in all stages of cell division.
The major function of the centriole in animal cells is to promote cell division.
- During cell division, centrioles also help in the production of spindle fibres that split the chromosomes (mitosis).
- Celiogenesis is the second function of centrioles that we will discuss. Celiogenesis is the process of cells forming cilia and flagella on their surfaces.