An angiosperm plant’s flower is its reproductive organ. Some flowers are males, while others are females or bisexuals (having both and female reproductive organs). The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of female and bisexual flowers.
The gynoecium is made up of one or more pistils, each of which is made up of one or more carpels. The pistil is classified as unicarpellate or multi-carpellate based on number of carpels. In flowers, the carpel is the female reproductive organ. The stigma, style, and ovary are the three elements that make up the stigma.
The stigma is a sticky spherical surface that allows pollen grains from neighbouring plants or blooms of the same species to adhere to it. The style is an extended tube that allows male gametes to travel through when they come into contact with the stigma. The ovary, which is a round-shaped component at the bottom of the style, is connected to it via the style. It is the portion of the ovary that holds the ovules or embryo sac. The embryo sac is the place where the egg cells are found.
As a result, we can deduce that the carpel’s job is to give a means of sexual reproduction in flowering plants (angiosperms).
Microsporogenesis
- Microsporogenesis is the process of microspore creation and development.
- PMCs go through the meiosis process. Each produces tetrahedral tetrads.
- Cytokinesis can occur in two ways: sequentially or concurrently.
- There are five different varieties of tetrads: tetrahedral, isobilateral, decussate, T-shaped and linear. Tetrahedral is the most common shape.
- The cell wall is generated in successive kinds during meiosis I and II, culminating in an isobilateral pollen tetrad. It is a distinguishing feature of monocots.
- Each nuclear division in a microspore mother cell is done through the creation of a cell wall in the same type.
Tricarpellary Ovary Examples
The Liliaceae, or lily family, is a monocotyledonous flowering plant family that is economically significant. Allium is a flowering plant genus that belongs to the Liliaceae family. The gynoecium in Liliaceae is tricarpellary, syncarpous (carpels fuse), ovary superior (ovary linked to receptacle over floral parts), trilocular containing two ovules, and axile placentation. As a result, the right response is ‘Allium.’
The female reproductive component or organ of flowering plants is the ovary. The ovules are held in this portion of the pistil. The ovary can be either above, below, or at the place where the petals and sepals meet.
- Tricarpellary ovary – The ovary with three carpels is known as a tricarpellary ovary.
- Syncarpous ovary – A syncarpous ovary is one in which the carpels are joined together.
- Superior ovary – A superior ovary is one that is joined to the receptacle before the floral components are attached.
- The genus Allium includes monocotyledonous flowering plants. Onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, and other plants fall into this category. The Allium species was initially described by Carl Linnaeus. The Liliaceae family includes Allium. There is a tricarpellary, syncarpous superior ovary in these plants.
- Dolichos are members of the Fabeacae family. Leguminous plants belong to the Fabaceae family. Herbs and shrubs that grow upright, sometimes with climbing stems or prostrate on the ground, are known as upright herbs and shrubs. There is one elongated superior ovary with a curved style in each of these plants.
- Oenothera is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants that belongs to the Onagraceae family. Evening primrose, suncups, and sundrops are common names for these plants. The ovary of these plants is inferior, and there are four joined carpels on each plant.
- Solanum is a flowering plant genus that includes three major food crops with significant commercial value. Potato, tomato, and eggplant are the three crops in question. It is a member of the Solanaceae family. These plants have a bicarpellary and superior syncarpous ovary.
Conclusion
In flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower, or gynoecium. It is the part of the pistil that houses the ovule and is located above, below, or at the place where the petals and sepals’ bases meet.
The ovary can contain elements of one carpel or numerous fused carpels, just as the pistil can be made up of one carpel or several fused carpels. Pollen settles and germinates above the ovary, growing down through the style to the ovary and fertilising one ovule for each pollen grain. Some wind-pollinated flowers have seen a significant reduction in pollination.