Introduction
Sensory, relay and motor neurons are the three types of neurons that comprise an animal’s nervous system. They transmit information in the form of action potentials, which occur on the membranes of neurons.
These action potentials travel a long distance, from sensory organs to the central nervous system and then to effector organs such as muscles and glands. The central nervous system regulates body movements and responses through the use of sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons carry signals from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.
What are Sensory Neurons?
Sensory neurons are nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment. For example, if you touch a hot surface with your fingertips, the sensory neurons will fire and send signals to the rest of the nervous system about the information they have received.
Sensory neurons are activated by physical or chemical inputs, which correspond to all five of our senses. As a result, a physical input can be anything from sound to touch to heat to light. Taste or smell provide chemical input, which neurons then send to the brain.
The majority of sensory neurons are pseudounipolar, which means that they only have one axon that is divided into two branches.
What are Motor Neurons?
The spinal cord’s motor neurons are part of the central nervous system (CNS) and connect to muscles, glands, and organs throughout the body. These neurons send impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles (such as those in your stomach), and thus control all of our muscle movements directly.
Motor neurons are classified into two types: those that travel from the spinal cord to muscle and those that travel between the brain and the spinal cord.
Motor neurons have the most common ‘body plan’ for a nerve cell, being multipolar with one axon and several dendrites.
What are Interneurons?
Interneurons, as the name implies, are the ones in the middle, connecting spinal motor and sensory neurons. Interneurons can communicate with one another as well as transfer signals between sensory and motor neurons, forming circuits of varying complexity.
They, like motor neurons, are multipolar. For example, if you picked up a hot coal, the signal would travel from sensory neurons in your fingertips to interneurons in your spinal cord. Some of these interneurons would send signals to the motor neurons that control your finger muscles, causing you to let go, while others would send signals up the spinal cord to neurons in the brain, where they would be perceived as pain.
Interneurons are the most numerous type of neuron, and they are involved in information processing in both simple reflex circuits (such as those triggered by hot objects) and more complex circuits in the brain. Interneurons in your brain would allow you to draw the conclusion that things that looked like hot coals weren’t safe to pick up and, hopefully, retain that information for future reference.
Why should you consider Ayurveda for the treatment of motor neuron disease?
As one of its specialisation areas, Karma Ayurveda treats motor neuron disease. MND treatment is no longer a nightmare. It is now thought to be completely treatable. It is comparable to a number of Ayurvedic ailments. Ayurvedic treatment has been shown to be effective in the treatment of MND (Motor Neuron Disease). Patients suffering from MND now have renewed hope and confidence. Thanks to Ayurvedic herbal remedies.
MND (Motor Neuron Disease) is a combination of Vata roga and Kshya roga, according to Ayurveda. The majority of its signs and symptoms are similar to those of the lakshans of Oja kshaya, Mamsa kshaya, and Udanavrta Prana Vayu.
In modern medicine, there is no recognised treatment strategy or medication for MND (Motor Neuron Disease). In any case, the goal of management remains confined to physiotherapy, speech therapy, and herbal medicines in order to cure it completely.
Damage to Motor neurons
Damage to the upper and lower motor neurons can have a variety of consequences. Upper motor neuron damage, also known as pyramidal insufficiency, can occur as a result of a number of disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, cerebral palsy, and spinal or brain injury.Upper motor neuron damage prevents electrical signals from reaching the muscles. When muscles do not move for an extended period of time, they become weakened and stiff, making it difficult to walk or coordinate movements.
Long-term effects of this damage could result in upper motor neuron disease, characterised by symptoms such as muscle weakness, poor posture, poor motor control, and exaggerated reflex responses.
Conclusion
Sensory, relay, and motor neurons are the three types of neurons that comprise an animal’s nervous system. The central nervous system regulates body movements and responses through the use of sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons carry signals from receptors to the spinal cord and brain. For example, if you touch a hot surface with your fingertips, the sensory neurons will fire and send signals to the rest of the nervous system about the information they have received. The spinal cord’s motor neurons are part of the central nervous system and connect to muscles, glands, and organs throughout the body. Motor neurons are the neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system to effector organs. Motor neurons are neuronal cells that control a variety of downstream targets in the central nervous system.