Philosophy

Notions of God

There are multiple religious and philosophical ideas that translate into the concept of God. That God is supremely good, created the universe, knows everything and can do all, is transcendent and immanent in the world, and loves humans are the common notions of God. Most Christians believe God revealed Himself as Jesus (see Trinity). In […]

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Philosophy, UPSC

Nature of Religious Language

Statements or declarations made about God or divinity are referred to as “religious language.” Religious topic areas might theoretically include various agents, states of affairs, or attributes, including God, deities, angels, miracles, grace, holiness, and sinfulness. The significance of what we say about God, on the other hand, has received the most attention. Theological declarations,

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Philosophy, UPSC

Mind-Body Dualism

A well-known variant of dualism, which originated in ancient times, is attributed to Rene Descartes of the 17th century. According to him, humans are made up of two very different elements that cannot coexist. Dualism is the belief that the mind and body exist as distinct entities. There is a two-way contact between the mental

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Philosophy, UPSC

Mimamsa

Mimamsa is a Sanskrit term meaning “to analyse and realise deeply.” It is one of the six astika (orthodox) Indian philosophical school traditions, focusing on the essence of dharma. The deserving one who earns by doing dharma will go to paradise after death. Sage Jaimini was the one who proposed it. It emphasises the importance

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Philosophy, UPSC

Martin Heidegger

Martin Heidegger is one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. His philosophy is known for its deep thinking about the nature of being, particularly the nature of human existence. Heidegger’s philosophy has had a significant impact on later philosophers, both in the direction it took philosophy and in the questions it raised.

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Philosophy, UPSC

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Philosophy has a set of beliefs and ideas which explain the meaning of life and provide insights related to it. Literally, it means “love of wisdom”. In other words, philosophy is a group of activities people undertake to understand the fundamental truths and beliefs related to human existence. Ludwig Wittgenstein was considered one of the

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Philosophy, UPSC

Logical Positivism

Logical positivism, also known as logical empiricism, is a philosophical movement that spread in Vienna during the 1920s. It suggests that scientific knowledge is the only rational knowledge, and all other traditional doctrines are meaningless—thus not acceptable. Positivism is a theory of philosophy according to which all natural phenomena are based upon positive knowledge, and

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Philosophy, UPSC

Logical Empiricism

Logical positivism, also known as logical empiricism, is a philosophical movement that spread in Vienna during the 1920s. It suggests that scientific knowledge is the only rational knowledge, and all other traditional doctrines are meaningless—thus not acceptable. Positivism is a theory of philosophy according to which all natural phenomena are based upon positive knowledge, and

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Philosophy, UPSC

Locke

In today’s world, John Locke, an Enlightenment thinker called the “father of liberalism”, is widely recognised as one of the greatest philosophers of modern England. John Locke’s early arguments for religious tolerance were revealed in a centuries-old manuscript, described as “the origin and catalyst for momentous and fundamental ideas of Western liberal democracy”. Who was

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Philosophy, UPSC

Leibniz

Gottfried Leibniz practised materialist philosophy. It means believing in the possibility that plants and inanimate objects have consciousness or something similar to one.  He believed that everything contains simple, immaterial, mind-like substances that help them sense the world around them. Mill’s argument is considered an important contribution to Gottfried Leibniz’s philosophy of mind. A thought

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Philosophy, UPSC