Internal Security

Overview  NSG is India’s principal counter-terrorism force, reporting to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) NSG is tasked with combating terrorism in all its manifestations NSG  are also known as the ‘Black Cats’ The decision to establish a federal anti-terrorist contingency force was made in 1984, during the height of Punjabi militancy. This choice was […]

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) Overview:  Research and Analysis Wing is the external intelligence agency of India Until 1968, the Intelligence Bureau was responsible for maintaining the internal and external intelligence affairs of the country  However, the Indo-China war of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 proved that there were certain gaps in the

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is India’s Central Paramilitary Force (CPMF) that works under the power of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs.  ITBP is tasked with the responsibility of protecting the geopolitically and strategically important Indo-China border, a task it shares with the Indian Army.  ITBP owes its origin to the Indo-China conflict in

Central Reserve Police Force.  Before Independence, in 1939 the Crown Police Representative came into existence. It became the Central Reserve Police Force on the enactment of the CRPF Act, On 28 December 1949. Central Reserve Police Force functions under the authority of the force Ministry of Home Affairs. CRPF is India’s largest central armed force.

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) The CISF is known as India’s central armed police force functioning under the control of the Ministry of Home affairs  It was developed in 1969 for providing security cover to the Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) which, in those times, occupied the commanding heights of the Indian economy Today, its mandate

Special Protection Group (SPG) SPG is an elite force tasked with providing security cover to the Prime minister, previous Prime Ministers, and their immediate family members It was implemented after the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Initially, the act did not provide for SPG protection to former prime ministers and their families. In 1989,

In India, the situation of undertrial is gruesome. According to the National Crime Records Bureau report, various prisons across the country have more than 70% of such prisoners on whom the trial is going on. This shows that almost 90% of prisoners in Tihar jail had not been convicted of any offence. Sometimes they are

State Police in India The Indian Constitution establishes a legislative and executive division between the centre and the states Police is a subject under the state government, according to this division in the 7th schedule of the Constitution In terms of law enforcement, the Centre and states play the following roles: As a result, each

Prison Reforms ‘Prison’ persons detained therein’ is a State Subject under Entry 4 of List II (State List) of the Indian Constitution’s 7th Schedule. Prison administration and management are the responsibility of the respective state governments. However, the Ministry of Home Affairs provides regular guidance and advice to States and UTs on various prison and

Within the context of state-society relations, police reforms aim to transform the values, culture, policies, and practices of police organizations so that police can perform their duties with respect for democratic values, human rights, and the rule of law. Even though the purpose of policing is to serve the public interest, even after years of