Environment and Ecology

Grassland and Tundra Ecosystems An ecosystem is a system consisting of living and non-living elements. Living organisms interact with each other while maintaining equilibrium within an ecosystem. A. G. Tansley coined the word ‘ecosystem’ in 1935. Terrestrial ecosystems include deserts, grasslands, forests, tundra, swamps, etc. Aquatic ecosystems include oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, etc. Both of […]

Functions of Ecosystem Ecosystems are complex, open, and dynamic systems. They perform certain functions. These are- Energy flow through the food chain Nutrient cycling (biogeochemical cycles) Ecological succession or ecosystem development Homeostasis (or cybernetic) or feedback control mechanisms Energy Flow Ecosystems properties that make them dynamic are energy flow and food chains They connect the

The living world is experiencing different scenarios of extinctions over geological time. The ongoing extinction process of limited species of animals and birds is more created by the human-made rather than natural phenomena. The Gee’s golden Langur has an old revolutionary history of the species. The documented history of Golden Langur evolution is quite short.

What is Environmental Pollution? Environmental pollution may be defined as unwanted material in the environment due to human activities. The agents which cause environmental pollution are called pollutants. It can be described as a chemical, biological, or physical substance unintentionally released into the environment which is directly or indirectly harmful to humans and other living

Environmental Protection Act, 1986 The Indian government enacted the Environment Protection Act  This umbrella legislation merged the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981. Within this structure of the legislation, the government established Pollution Control Boards (PCBs) to halt,

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a decision-support tool for those selecting whether to approve a development project. It gives information on the potential implications of projects to those responsible for the decision. The purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment is to evaluate the potential ecological, socioeconomic, and wellness consequences of any project. This assessment indicates

DEVELOPMENT Development can be defined as growth, progress, positive change, or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social, and demographic components. The purpose of development is to raise people’s living standards and quality of life while maintaining the environment’s resources. It also aims to produce or grow regional social and economic benefits. Environment versus Development

Environment Impact Assessment or EIA can be defined as the study to predict the effect of a proposed activity/project on the environment. A decision making tool, EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.  History of EIA in

Trophic levels Depending on their feeding relationship with other species, organisms occupy a location in the natural setting or a group. Organisms occupy a particular position in the food chain known as their trophic level based on the source of their nutrition or food. Producers are in the first trophic stage, followed by herbivores (primary

In this article, we will discuss various economic plans in India and their achievement of financial planning. We will also understand the types of economic planning and the success of the Five-year plan.  Economic planning is a process that involves the following steps:  Making a list of the issues confronting the economy. Rearranging the list