Biology

Signal Transduction

The signalling mechanisms used by living organisms have been extensively studied and documented over the past decade and a half. The majority of studies have focused on the signalling pathways in yeast. Yeast is a simple model organism for the study of signalling mechanisms due to its small genome size and low cellular complexity. Signal

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Biology, UPSC

Ruminant nutrition

Ruminants are animals having a unique gastroenterological tract that allows them to digest plant materials and chew their cud back. Ruminants have a four-chambered stomach, the reticulum, the rumen, the omasum, and the abomasum. The rumen is possibly the most important. It is the primary site of nutrient digestion and absorption. The rumen’s incredible absorption

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Biology, UPSC

Rubiaceae

One of the most diverse families of flowering plants, the Rubiaceae are also one of the most underrepresented families in popular culture. That is because their members are more commonly known as “coral plants” due to the bright colours of their flowers. The Rubiaceae contain 3,955 species of mainly tropical perennial plants. The family is

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Biology, UPSC

Rosaceae

The Rosaceae family includes 4828 known species of flowering plants in 91 genera. They are primarily concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, in regions that are not desert or tropical rainforest. Systemic classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Angiosperm Class: Dicotyledones or magnoliopsida Sub-class: Rosidae  Order: Rosales Habitat These are annual, perennial or everlasting plants that are primarily

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Biology, UPSC

Root System

In biology, the roots are the underground portion of a plant stem. Its key tasks include plant anchoring, moisture and soluble mineral collection and transmission towards the stem, and reserves storage of food. Its root varies from stem primarily in the absence of leaves scarring and budding, the presence of a tip of the root,

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Biology, UPSC