Class 12

Charges are the free movement of a subatomic particle, i.e., electron or proton within a conductor, towards its surface. When we apply an electric field to these metallic conductors, the electrons get detached from the atom and start moving freely inside the metal. This free movement of electrons inside a metallic conductor is called a […]

Electric dipoles refer to a pair of equal and opposite charges separated by some distance. Electric dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of charges with the distance of separation between them. The electric dipole moment is a vector quantity (having both magnitude and direction) and has a defined direction that goes from negative charge to

A polar molecule has polar bonds with permanent electric dipole moments that are not zero when added together. When the electronegativity values of atoms involved in a bond differ, polar bonds develop. When the spatial arrangement of chemical bonds results in a higher positive charge on one side of the molecule than another, polar molecules

Force is the reason behind all phenomena that we observe in the physical world. One of the most well-known types of force is the electrostatic force – a force that governs interactions between the tiniest of entities, electrons in atoms. The Coulomb force between multiple charges is the foundation for many devices and observations. Understanding

Insulators are materials that have low conductivity of electric current. Electrons can move from atom to atom in materials known as conductors. In insulators, the outer electrons are firmly bound to their respective nuclei. However, this is not the case in conductors, as electrons are not inbound. Notably, the surface of a charged conductor is

We can define a spherical shell as a region between two concentric spheres having different radii. We can use Gauss’s law to calculate the electric field of a spherical shell. Gauss’s law is helpful in describing the relationship between electric charge distribution and the resulting electric field. The law states that the total number of

Coulomb’s law, Coulomb’s inverse-square law or electrostatic force, was discovered by Charles-Augustin. It calculates the amount of energy that exists between two particles that are electrically charged and stationary. The law is applicable only for the point charges at rest. The law states that the force existing between two charged particles is inversely proportional to

A system in which a pair of electric charges opposing charges separated by a distance d is known as an electric dipole. The electric dipole moment p is the product of any two charges multiplied by their distance. It moves from a negative to a positive charge. The axis of a dipole is the line

William Whewell was the first to coin the word “dielectric.” It comprises two words: ‘Dia’ and ‘Electric.’ A dielectric material is a substance that conducts electricity poorly but effectively supports an electrostatic field. An electrostatic field can store energy if the flow of current across opposing electric charge poles is reduced to a minimum and

The intensity of an electric field at a point due to a group of charges is equal to the arithmetic sum of intensities of an electric field due to each charge at the same given time. An electric field is a space around the electric charges where the force of either attraction or repulsion can