Class 12

The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which the particles, which are electrically charged, are released from a material’s surface when they absorb electromagnetic radiation.  The photoelectric effect is generally described using the example of a metal plate on which light falls. However, the energy source can be of different types such as infrared, visible, […]

Introduction In an electroscope, the top of the instrument has a metal detector knob that is connected to a pair of metal leaves that are suspended from the bottom of the connecting rod.  When there is no charge present, the metal leaves dangle freely to the ground.  It is possible to experience one of two

Electrons bound to the nucleus inside an element are known as bound charges. For example, non-metals have a large number of bound electrons. To put it more articulately, “the portion of the electrical charge on a conductor that because of the inductive action of a neighbouring charge will not escape to the earth when a

A charge is a property associated with and related to matter. It experiences different electrical and magnetic effects. The SI unit of an electric charge is called Coulomb. Electric charges in the conservation of charge were first defined by Coulomb. This article is an introduction to the concept of free charges and bound charges and

Any electric charge placed on a conductor or within the dielectric or the freely moving charge can be termed a free charge. The opposite of a free charge is known as a polarisation charge or a bound charge. This kind of change is visible when electrons are tightly knit to the nucleus and cannot move

A potential difference is a measure of the electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric field. The electric potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge in bringing a test charge from infinity to that point. The electric potential difference between two points is the

An atom’s formal charge (F.C. or q) in the covalent view of bonding is the charge assigned to it by the covalent view of bonding, which assumes that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally across atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity between them. The difference between the number of valence electrons present in an

Introduction A charge is an intrinsic property of each molecule; an iota is supposed to be charged assuming it has a sporadic number of electrons and protons, a particle is supposed to be decidedly charged if it has less number of electrons than protons and contrarily charged if it has more number of electrons than

A dipole is a separation of two opposite charges quantified by the electric dipole moment. Electric dipoles are denoted by p, the product of the magnitude of charge, and the distance r from the sphere’s centre between charges.  Dipole moments tend to be either negative or positive for common materials. The force acting between two

You may have noticed that when you comb your hair and keep the comb on the dressing table, the comb attracts small pieces of paper. This is caused by the electric field around the comb’s electrically charged particles.  An object placed within the electric field will experience a push or pull force. Electrons can move