Class 12

Sky and space wave propagation Space wave propagation and skywave propagation are directly related to radio wave propagation. They are used to communicate at high and low frequencies.   To understand more about skywave propagation, space wave propagation, application of space wave propagation and space wave propagation limitations, we need first to understand its type. […]

Introduction What do you understand from the terms Sky and Space wave propagations? These two are the types of radio wave propagation along with ground wave propagation. In sky wave propagation electromagnetic waves were reflected from the ionosphere in the atmosphere. Space wave propagation is transmitted from one antenna to another antenna in the troposphere.

Electromagnetic waves, often referred to as electromagnetic radiations, can be described in terms of overlaid waves of an electric field and a magnetic field within space with the directions of propagation parallel to each other. In simple terms, electromagnetic waves are the result of oscillations by electric and magnetic fields. The direction of propagation of

An electromagnetic current that carries data from the source to the receiver is termed a signal. The data carried through the signal can be in the forms of voice, music, video, document, or a picture. According to the type of data transmitted, the required bandwidth differs—a signal wave results from changes or fluctuations in the

Signal Bandwidth refers to the difference between the frequencies of the upper band and the lower band in the continuous band frequency. For example, if the amplifier has a bandwidth of 2800 Hz, the amplifier can amplify the signal well (without any distortion between 300Hz to 3100Hz). In communication systems, the signal transmission channels can

The difference between the higher and lower frequencies in a continuous range of frequencies is referred to as the bandwidth. It is normally measured in hertz, and depending on the context, it may refer to either passband bandwidth or baseband bandwidth, or both simultaneously. Many fields, including electronics, information theory, digital communications, radio communications, signal

The dual nature of matter and the dual nature of radiation were revolutionary physics notions. Scientists discovered one of nature’s best-kept secrets around the turn of the twentieth century: wave particle duality, or the dual nature of matter and radiation. Everything is a wave and a particle at the same time. The Dual Nature of

Resonance meaning Resonance is the term which is associated with all kinds of vibrations or waves. It takes place with sound, mechanical, and electromagnetic wave functions. There are three things which together generate resonance. A system having a natural frequency of deriving force along with the frequency which is the same as the natural frequency

The radiation of light shows a dual nature that is wave and particle. Phenomenon like diffraction, interference and polarization can be explained on the basis of wave nature of light whereas phenomenon as like Photoelectric effect, Compton effect etc. can be explained only in terms of quantum theory of light. (Quantum theory of light states that

Introduction An alpha ray is a beam of alpha particles. An alpha molecule comprises two protons and two neutrons bound into a molecule indistinguishable from a helium core. It is radioactive. Like helium cores, Alpha particles have no net twist. A beta molecule, also known as beta ray as well as beta radiation is a