Total internal reflection, optical instruments

‘Light’ refers to the broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes visible light and invisible light, which means invisible to our vision for example radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. These different types of light are used in everyday life, however. For example, airport scanners use X-rays to inspect the contents […]

Light goes through the cornea first. The cornea is a dome-shaped structure that bends light to assist the eyeball in focusing. Most of this light reaches the eyeball through the pupil, which is a small aperture. The iris regulates the amount of light that enters the pupil. After that, light travels through the lens. The

An individual piece of transparent material serves as the basis for a simple lens; however, compound lenses are constructed by aligning a number of simple lenses around one another along the same common axis. In contrast to a prism, which refracts light without focusing it, a lens can concentrate light to produce an image, but

Microscopes are important because they help make small worlds visible and enable us to understand them better. If someone wants to observe something closely, they need a microscope. This numerical apparatus is used in physical science and other fields of study. An optical tool, such as a microscope, can take separate pictures of small things.

Infrared rays are electromagnetic (EM) radiations whose wavelength and frequency lie between 780 nm -1 mm (106 nm) and 300 GHz-400 THz. It means that the infrared rays lie in between visible rays and microwave rays in an EM spectrum. As these rays lie beyond the visible region, they are invisible to human eyes. These

Infrared rays are electromagnetic (EM) radiations whose wavelength and frequency lie between 780 nm -1 mm (106 nm) and 300 GHz-400 THz. It means that the infrared rays lie in between visible rays and microwave rays in an EM spectrum. As these rays lie beyond the visible region, they are invisible to human eyes. These

The effective cross-section is the probability that a certain process will occur in the sight of radiant stimulation. The area of a cross-section is usually given in units of the area and is indicated by the symbol (sigma). It is a parameter of a stochastic process that may be called the size of the item

Lenses are transparent pieces of glass or plastic that refract light. It is based on the principle that as light moves from air into glass or plastic, its direction changes due to changes in density. Lenses are used in cameras, microscopes, telescopes, binoculars, and corrective glasses. A lens can either be convex or concave, depending

The convex mirror always makes a virtual image of the object, and the convex mirror’s image is always smaller than the actual object’s size. As a result, convex mirrors are most commonly used in situations where larger objects must be examined in a smaller space. Convex mirrors are used as inside mirrors in vehicles because

The term fibre optics dates back to Roman times; however, the first term was different, i.e. ‘telegraph optical’. It helped operators  transmit messages via passage of lamps mounted on towers. This was established in the 1790s by the brothers in France Chappe and great strides were made in optical science during the next century. The