Stoichiometry, limiting reagent

When a modest amount of strong acid or base is added to it, the pH of the solution changes very little. When it comes to a wide range of chemical applications, buffer solutions are employed to maintain the pH at a practically constant value. There are numerous pH-regulating mechanisms in nature that rely on buffering […]

A buffer is an aqueous solution made up of a weak acid and its salt (acid buffer) or a weak base and its salt (base buffer) (basic buffer).  When a tiny amount of strong acid or base is given to it, its pH varies very little, and it is thus used to keep a solution’s

INTRODUCTION The Tyndall effect is a phenomenon based on the scattering of light that was named after Irish physicist John Tyndall in honour of his contributions to science. In the presence of a colloidal solution in which the size of the constituent particles is comparable to that of the light beam, a light beam is

Temperature or the concentration of ions present in solution affect the solubility product of salt. Scale development occurs in oilfield brines when the surface solubility produced is less than the solubility product formed down-hole. The water is referred to as ‘unstable water’ in such situations. The Stability Index (SI) is being used to forecast the

Soil, polluted or unpolluted, contains a variety of naturally occurring compounds (contaminants). Metals, inorganic ions and salts (such as phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, and nitrates), and many organic compounds are examples of contaminants (such as lipids, proteins, DNA, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, PAHs, alcohols, etc.). These compounds are primarily formed by soil microbial activity and organism decomposition

For commercial preparation of nitric acid, the production is done through the oxidation process of the anhydrous ammonia to nitric oxide. A more vaporous acid can be easily displaced from its salt through the other one having less of a comparatively volatile acid. This basic principle about the preparation of nitric acid is relatively very

Introduction  The Henderson Hasselbalch formula formalises this concept, with A denoting the percentage of base ions (OH) and HA denoting the concentration of acid ions (H+). The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is a formula that connects the pH of an acid’s aqueous solution to the acid’s acid dissociation constant. pH=pkA+log10 [conjugate base]/[weak acid] Whenever the percentages of

The equilibrium constant for the maximum quantity of solid which can be dissolved in aqueous solution is called the solubility product. The equilibrium constant for a solid which dissolves in aqueous solution is known as the solubility product constant (Ksp). All of the rules for calculating equilibrium constants are still in effect. Once a reaction

It sounds like a difficult science subject to take on board. However, it is a straightforward notion that is extremely essential in the field of chemistry. In chemical reactions, stoichiometry is concerned with the connection between the reactants and the products.  It is the relationship between the number of moles — and, consequently, the mass

Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, implying that the relationships between reactant and product quantities are often positive integer ratios. This means that if the quantities of the individual reactants are known, the quantity of