Classification of Elements and Periodicity

Various attempts have been made from ancient times to classify elements into groups based on their properties. As additional elements were found, a variety of theories for classifying them arose. To justify their classification, various scientists employed varied methodologies and evidence. These theories were improved over time, culminating in the creation of the present periodic […]

When we look at the spectrum of light from the sun or a lamp, it is seen that light consists of colours. The colours are found to occur in small regular bands or intervals. Starting from red, going through orange, yellow, green, blue and violet, the colours are seen repeated at regular intervals. It is

Aluminium (also known as aluminium in American English and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. It occurs naturally as a metallic element in the environment. Aluminium has a lower density than most other common metals, with a density that is approximately one-third that of steel. It is

A substance made up of the same kind of atoms is referred to as an element. The atomic number of all the atoms in a given element is the same. Chemical reactions cannot break down elements further into smaller compounds. Nuclear methods, on the other hand, are the only way to convert them into other

Complete ecological units that operate as natural systems while not huge civilised human intervention, as well as all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur among their boundaries and their nature. In contrast to the natural environment, lies the built environment. Built environments are where humans have fundamentally transformed landscapes such as

Scientists discovered lanthanides in 1787 in Ytterby, Sweden, in a strange black mineral known as Gadolinite. Later, the scientists separated the Lanthanide elements from this mineral. Professor Gadolin obtained yttria from the mineral in 1794, which is an impure form of yttrium oxide. Berzelius and Klaproth secluded the first Cerium compound in 1803. Moseley later

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms with the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and periodic table position (and so belong to the same chemical element) but distinct nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. While all isotopes of the same element have nearly

Extraction of Iron Iron, atomic number 26, is the most abundant element on earth by mass. It belongs to the 3d series or first transition series of the periodic table. Pure metallic iron is not usually found in the earth’s crust. Therefore, extracting metal from ore is the only way to obtain usable iron.  Extraction

INTRODUCTION Transition metals are the elements that are present in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. The transition metals cover up to about 60 percent of all known elements in the periodic table. Along with copper (Cu), common examples of transition metals include iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc. Transition metals

In the periodic table, fluorine is classified as a halogen gas, and it is found in the 17th group. It is also known as fluorine gas. There are nine atoms in one gram of the element. The most distinguishing characteristic of fluorine is that it is the element with the greatest electronegative charge in the