Atomic Structure

According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, an electron can be located at any distance from the nucleus and in any direction at any time. The p orbital is a lobed or dumbbell-shaped area that describes where an electron can be discovered with a high probability. Because the dumbbell’s node is the atomic nucleus, the chances […]

Red Phosphorus Red phosphorus is one of the most prevalent allotropes of phosphorus and is regarded to be a derivation of the P4 molecule, which is a phosphorus atom with four protons. Amorphous (non-crystalline) networks of phosphorus atoms support the formation of phosphorus. According to the findings, it is more stable than white phosphorus (another

The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor material is somewhere between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and that of an insulator, such as glass. As the temperature rises, its resistivity decreases; metals, on the other hand, exhibit the reverse behaviour. By injecting impurities (“doping”) into the crystal structure, the conductivity of the material

Atomic structure refers to the physical structure of an atom, which is made up of a nucleus (the centre) and protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral). The electrons, which are negatively charged particles, surround the nucleus’s attraction centre. Democritus was the first to suggest that matter is made up of atoms in his theory of

Ionization energy, often known as ionisation enthalpy, is defined as the amount of energy that an isolated gaseous atom needs to lose an electron in its ground state. The energy required by an atom to produce A+ ions is known as the first ionisation energy of element A. The ionisation energy is measured in kilo

First ionisation enthalpy is the enthalpy change associated with the loss of the first electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state. The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its gaseous form is known as the ionisation enthalpy of an element. The following factors influence

It can also be defined as the distance of the valence shell of electrons from the centre of the nucleus. The ionic radius of an ion is the effective distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell of an ion having an electron; to be precise it is the distance from the nucleus up to which it

When evaluating and forecasting molecular characteristics and interactions, it’s important to understand periodic trends. Ionization energy, atomic radius, and electron affinity are all examples of common periodic trends. One such tendency is ionic radii, which are closely related to atomic radii. The size of neutral atoms tends to climb down a group and diminish over

Most solid elements (metals and nonmetals) and compounds exist in crystal form. A crystalline solid is made up of atoms, molecules, or ions that are structured in a highly ordered microscopic structure that spans all directions. Examples include table salt (NaCl), sugar (sucrose), diamond, quartz, silver iodide, and other crystalline substances. The structural constituents of

Ionic Radius Ionic radius is the distance from an ion’s nucleus to which it exerts effect on its electron cloud. When an atom loses or acquires electrons, ions form. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a cation; when an atom acquires an electron, it becomes an anion. The ionic radius is defined as