Atomic Structure

Band theory is a theoretical model in solid-state physics that defines the states of electrons in solid materials that can only have energy values within defined ranges. In a solid, the behaviour of an electron (and consequently its energy) is influenced by the behaviour of all other particles. In contrast, an electron’s behaviour in free […]

Atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance between the nuclei of two similar atoms that are bonded together, generally the normal distance between the centre of the nucleus and the boundary of the surrounding electron shells. The atomic radius can be affected by the state or context of the atom. Atomic Radius Protons, electrons and

The elements or atoms that lose all or the majority of their electrons when forming bonds with another atom in a compound are said to have a high oxidation state. To bind with another atom in the molecule, the elements with low oxidation states must either obtain or lose the fewest electrons. Knowing more on

During the d – d transition, electrons absorb a portion of the radiation’s energy and emit the remainder as coloured light. The colour of an ion is the reverse of the colour it absorbs. As a result of the d – d transition, which occurs in the visible area for all transition elements, a coloured ion

Atomic Mass is the mass of an atom. An atom is a subatomic particle that cannot be seen or isolated because of its small size. As a result, weighing a single atom will not provide an accurate measurement of its actual mass. However, Avogadro’s hypothesis was ultimately successful in solving the problem. He used equal

Introduction The lattice energy of an ionic compound is a measure of the strength of the ionic bonds within the compound.  It provides information on a variety of properties of ionic solids, including their volatility, solubility, and hardness, among others.  It is not possible to directly measure the lattice energy of an ionic solid.  Nevertheless,

From Lanthanum ( atomic number: 57) to Lutetium (atomic number: 71) -the lanthanide series, the nuclear charge increases by one single unit for every consecutive atom, accompanied by the subsequent growth in the electron count that is present in the 4f orbitals, which surround the nucleus. As the lanthanide elements progress, the 4f electrons weakly

A crystal, also known as a crystalline solid, is a solid whose components (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are organised in a highly ordered microscopic structure that forms a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. Furthermore, macroscopic single crystals are generally distinguished by their geometrical form, which consists of flat sides with distinct

Metals can be defective in a variety of ways. A point defect is any defect that consists of a single particle (a lattice point) or perhaps a very small collection of points. A line defect affects a single row of lattice points in a crystal, whereas a plane defect affects an entire plane of lattice

The distance between one crest and another crest is known as wavelength in physics, and it is indicated by the symbol. The wave that repeats its features over a period of time, according to its definition. Before we get into detail about this topic, you need to know that an electron is a subatomic particle