Atomic Structure

The component particles of crystalline solids have a distinct three-dimensional configuration. The relative positions of these particles in the crystal are commonly depicted by points. A space lattice is the arrangement of these unendurable groupings of points. The collar lattice points or lattice sites are the places inhabited by atoms, ions, or molecules in a […]

When electrons reach the inner f orbitals (n-2) and the nuclear charge increases, lanthanide contraction occurs. This charge causes the atomic size of tripositive lanthanide ions to decrease from La to Lu gradually. The constant decrease in size as the atomic number grows is known as lanthanide contraction. All 14 elements of the lanthanide series

Shells are the different ranges in which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom. Each shell has a particular energy level, which increases as the distance from the nucleus increases. The electrons in the atom’s outermost inhabited shell govern its chemical characteristics. The valence shell is the outermost shell. The greatest number of electrons that

In orbitals, electrons are grouped in different ways. The orbitals can be divided into four main groups: s, p, d and f. Each group is further divided into subsets or orbitals, each characteristic shape. The s-orbitals have a spherical shape, and their name comes from the letter of the Greek alphabet – sigma. They have

To understand the concept of atomic orbitals, you should first understand the wave nature of electrons. In simple terms, electrons are described as particles that are moving in a wave-like motion. A pair of electrons is always found to be moving in the opposite directions, and the two are always found to be spinning around

Close packing in crystals describes how the constituent particles are arranged in a crystal lattice to maximise available space. We must assume that all particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) have the same spherical solid shape in order to better understand this packing. Consequently, a lattice’s unit cell has a cubic shape. There will always be

The electron was the first fundamental particle to be found, and it was discovered in 1879. J.J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron and its properties, which was accomplished by research carried out in a discharge tube in his laboratory. He asserted that electrons are required elements of all atoms, which he

Carbon is one of only a handful of exceptional components known since antiquity. It is without uncertainty perhaps the most flexible component known to man, as should be visible to the way that it is the premise of life on this planet. It has an interesting range of variation of properties both down a group

The Unit Cell refers to the tiniest group of atoms with the general crystal’s symmetry  & from which the entire lattice can be built up by recurrence in 3 dimensions. The component particles in crystalline solids are arranged in a systematic and recurring pattern. A crystal is created on a lattice, which looks like a

The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measurement of the atom’s size, usually the average or typical distance between the nucleus’s core and the outermost isolated electron. There are several non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius since the border is not a well-defined material thing. Van der Waals radius, ionic radius, metallic radius, and