Atomic Structure

The electron was the first fundamental particle to be found, and it was discovered in 1879. J.J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of the electron and its properties, which was accomplished by research carried out in a discharge tube in his laboratory. He asserted that electrons are required elements of all atoms, which he […]

In 1935, James Chadwick (1891-1974) received the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the neutron. (Photo courtesy of nobelprize.org) James Chadwick, a scientist, conducted an experiment in which he attacked Beryllium with alpha particles produced by Polonium’s natural radioactive disintegration in 1932. The Discovery Of Neutron The discovery of the neutron and its properties was

For a long time, it was thought that atoms were the ultimate particles made up of matter and that these atoms could not be divided any further. Experiments were undertaken in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century demonstrated that the atom is not the ultimate particle. Scientists’ persistent efforts resulted in the discovery

Introduction The electron is a negatively charged, low-mass particle. When moving close to other electrons or the positive nucleus of an atom, it may be easily deflected as a result of this effect. The first fundamental particle found was the electron. J.J. Thomson is credited with discovering the electron and its properties through studies conducted

Ionic Radius The atomic and ionic radii of atoms differ. If an atom receives or loses an electron and becomes positively or negatively charged, it forms an ion. The atomic radius of a neutral atom equals its diameter. The radius of an atom can increase or decrease when it becomes an ion, and this is

Atomic Radius  A neutral atom’s atomic radius is the distance between its nucleus and its most stable electron. In practice, an atom’s diameter is measured and then split in half to obtain the result. The radii of neutral atoms range from 30 to 300 pm, or trillionths of a meter. The atomic radius is a

A shell is the path that electrons traverse through an atom’s nucleus. Because they are grouped around the nucleus according to the energy of an electron in each shell, these shells are also known as energy ratios. The field of a shell through which electrons flow is known as a subshell. Subshells are made up

The repeating of unit cells in three dimensions can be compared to the crystal. A lattice point exists at each corner of a unit cell. The arrangement of points in space in three dimensions is known as a lattice. This means that the arrangement generated is known as the crystal lattice when the component particles

When the elements of a solid substance (atoms, molecules, or ions) are organised in a highly ordered microscopic structure, the result is a crystal lattice that extends in all directions, the material is referred to as a crystal or crystalline solid. Macroscopic single crystals may also be distinguished by their geometrical form, which is composed

A crystal structure is formed by connecting atoms, groups of atoms, or molecules. This structure is created by the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles, which forms symmetric patterns. A structure’s unit cell is a small group of an atomic structure’s repeating pattern. A unit cell is a building block of a crystal structure which