Atomic Structure

Atoms with tiny radiuses may be found in interstitial “holes” in metal lattices, leading to the production of an interstitial compound or an interstitial alloy. Hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms are among the minor elements known to science. Like these, other transition metal carbides and nitrides are commonly used in the industrial industry. Interstitial […]

Elements like fluorine, iodine, chlorine, bromine, and astatine are “halogens.” The members of this group share several characteristics. The physical and chemical characteristics of these molecules follow a predictable pattern. Many individuals aren’t aware that astatine is the group’s lone radioactive element. These elements contain seven electrons in their valence shell in their most common

Silicon is an element with an atomic number 14 and the symbol Si. In 1823, Berzelius discovered Silicon. It is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor that is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre. Silicon belongs to the periodic table’s 14th group (carbon family). Silicon is found in various materials such as

The packing fraction is the portion of the total space that is occupied by the intrinsic component particles of a certain cell or structure. This is measured as a proportion of the total volume. The formula for calculating it is to take the total volume of the cell and divide it by the total volume

When the crystallisation process happens at a very quick rate, point flaws are accounted for in the calculation. The majority of these flaws are caused by a divergence in the arrangement of the constituent particles. When the ideal arrangement of solids in a crystalline solid is deformed around a point or atom, this is referred

In chemistry, an electron shell, also known as an energy level, can be thought of as an orbit around the nucleus of an atom in which electrons are present.The “K shell” is the shell that is closest to the nucleus, followed by the “L shell,” then the “M shell,” and so on as the shells

The positions of the electrons around a nucleus are summarised by electron configurations. Each neutral atom has the same number of protons as it does electrons, as we discovered before. Now we’ll arrange those electrons around the nucleus in a pattern that shows their energy as well as the shape of the orbital in which

 When it comes to atoms, electron configurations are represented using a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they contain stated in superscript) are organised in a sequence. Consider the electron configuration of sodium: 1s²2s²2p63s¹, which means it has one electron in each of the two outer electron shells.

An atom’s ground state electron configuration is commonly used to describe the orbitals of the atom; however, the electron configuration can also be used to represent an atom that has been ionised, either as a cation or an anion, by compensating for the loss or gain of electrons in their subsequent orbitals. Many of the

In 1932, English physicist Sir James Chadwick made the groundbreaking discovery of the neutron. It was previously thought that each of the atom’s electrons had enough negative charge to make it electrically neutral. The nucleus held the majority of the atom’s mass, leaving the rest as empty space. Because the proton (otherwise known as the