Quantum mechanical model of atom

Electrons Electrons are the lightest of subatomic particles. Electrons have a mass, and they have a charge. An electron has a negative charge. Electrons have been in existence since the beginning of the universe. Since it is an electrical particle, it has mass. It is the lightest particle in the universe. Tiny compared to protons […]

The constituent particles of crystalline solids are arranged in a predictable and repeating pattern. The term “crystal lattice” refers to the diagrammatic arrangement of three-dimensional groupings of constituent particles in a crystal, in which every particle is represented as a point in space. The atoms in a crystal lattice are packed so closely together that there

A crystal lattice comprises a vast number of unit cells, with one component particle occupying each lattice point. A three-dimensional ability to manifest one or more atoms is referred to as a unit cell. Regardless of packing, there are always some blank areas in the unit cell. The packing fraction of the unit cell is

The oxidation number of an atom is the charge it seems to have while forming ionic interactions with other heteroatoms. An element with a higher electronegativity is ascribed a negative oxidation state (even if it forms a covalent connection). The definition assigns an atom’s oxidation state based on the conditions that the atom meets. i) 

Voids and types of voids – Voids are a technical term that refers to the spaces between constituent particles. Voids in solid states mean the presence of vacant space between the constituent particles in a closed packed structure. Close packing in solids can be accomplished in one of three ways: one-dimensional (1D) close packing, two-dimensional

A certain unit cell is called the smallest portion of a given crystal lattice that will show the unique three-dimensional pattern of the overall crystal. The crystal can be equivalent to the entire unit cell, which is repeated many times in three dimensions. The similar unit cells can be defined in such a way that

While the specific shapes of molecular orbitals (their reliance on r and z in a cylindrical coordinate system) varies for each molecule, the symmetry of the system totally determines their dependency on the angle f as expressed by the quantum number l and their g or u behaviour when inverted. For homonuclear diatomic molecules, these

In a crystal lattice, the ionic radius (plural: ionic radii) is the measurement of an atom’s ion. It is the half-distance between two ions that are barely touching. Because the boundary of an atom’s electron shell is somewhat hazy, ions are frequently represented as solid spheres fixed in a lattice. Depending on the electric charge

According to the modern periodic table, as an element moves from left to right across a period, the metallic character of the element decreases. This occurs as a result of the fact that as a period progresses from left to right, the number of electrons and protons in an atom increases, resulting in an increase

Oxidation state As we know, an atom is stable when it has a complete octet outermost shell, i.e., the number of electrons present in the outermost shell is eight. Electrons of the outermost shell are also known as valence electrons. The oxidation state reveals the number of exchangeable electrons from the outermost shell. The oxidation