Class 12

Reproduction is a process in which organisms produce offspring of the same species. The offspring grow,and produce new offspring. Thus, there is a process of birth, growth and death. Genetic variation is occured or is inherited during the process of reproduction.  It’s one of the most important fundamental characteristics of living organisms. It involves the […]

Reproduction is crucial for the survival of all species. Think of the consequences if creatures had not reproduced. You will realize that reproduction is critical because it assures the survival of similar types of human generation after generation. The same situation would be applicable for reproduction in animals. Now, creating people of the same sort

Students are introduced to the issue of reproduction in biology class. Sexual and asexual reproduction are the two types of reproduction. Fragmentation is a sort of asexual reproduction that is well-known. Fragmentation is one of the most important processes in multicellular biological systems. Fragmentation is the process of breaking down cells into individual parts and

Introduction Recombination is the process of breaking and recombining fragments of DNA to create new allele combinations. This recombination process results in genetic variation at the gene level, reflecting changes in DNA sequences between species. Recombination The ability of organisms to adapt to their surroundings and keep their DNA sequence in cells from generation to

The transmission of chromosomal DNA from one generation to another generation is very crucial for the cell to propagate. And this can only be attained when the DNA is correctly duplicated, and each daughter cell has an equal distribution of genome. The process by which DNA makes copies of itself is known as replication. The

Regeneration in planaria depends on the presence of stem cells called neoblasts. These planarian cells are uniformly distributed throughout the whole body. When any part of the worm is dissected, they are activated to reform the tissues that have been removed from the animal. It is still not clear how the stem cells regenerate into

When sperm are produced, they are fertilised by the egg, which results in the formation of a zygote. Spermatogenesis is the process of cell differentiation that ensures the creation of fertilising sperm. Sertoli cells are essential for normal spermatogenesis because they maintain cell connections while also delivering nutrients for the mitosis and meiosis of male

A production rate is a calculation used in manufacturing to determine how long it takes to make one piece of a specific product. The production rate is then used to identify bottlenecks, allowing the factory to run as efficiently as possible. Material supply, human resource availability and skill, machine capacity, and customer requirements are all

Pachytene, also referred as pachynema, is derived from the Greek word means “thick thread” because at that phase, the homologous chromosomes have synaptic, or have been entirely folded up, and thus are joined from edge to edge by the synaptonemal complicated. A tetrad of chromosomes is a group of chromosomes that has been completely synapsed.

In biology, embryonic development is divided into two types based on the complexity of the animals and can be referred to as deuterostomes and protostomes, depending on the species. One of the most noticeable differences between the two types of development is the development of the blastopore, which is the first opening of the animal’s