Class 12

Isomerases are enzymes that catalyse processes that transfer functional groups inside a molecule, resulting in the formation of isomeric forms.: Alanine racemase is responsible for catalysing the conversion of L-alanine into its isomeric form, referred to as D-alanine, by the action of a catalytic enzyme. In addition to being an isomerase, mutarotase is responsible for […]

Inhibitors, both reversible and irreversible, attach to an enzyme and decrease its activity. One way to do this is to bind to an enzyme for an extended period. These inhibitors are known as irreversible inhibitors. Other substances, on the other hand, can temporarily bind to an enzyme. These are said to as reversible. Competitive inhibitors

This is referred to as screening or selection in the business world. Various features or attributes are not expressed, while others are expressed in a significant way. Insertional inactivation is a screening procedure that is both effective and efficient. In this treatment, the insertion of foreign DNA causes a change in one of the genetic

Inactivation is a recombinant DNA technology technique used to select bacteria that contain recombinant plasmids. In gene cloning, it is frequently used to identify recombinant vectors and, as a result, to distinguish a recombinant carrier from a non-recombinant vector. Inserting a fragment of foreign DNA into a cloning site on antibiotic-resistant genes on the vector,

When a hydrolase breaks a chemical bond with water, it functions as a biochemical catalyst, causing the division of a bigger molecule into smaller ones. Hydrolases are one type of enzyme that performs this function. Hydrolase enzymes include esterase enzymes such as lipases, phosphatases, glycosidases, peptidases, and nucleosidases, as well as peptidases and nucleosidases. Hydrolase

Human diet has a good amount of starch which gets converted into glucose and it reaches the bloodstream before entering the cells. In the case of deficient insulin formation dependency on medicines is normal. So synthetic insulin was developed in the 1960s to 1970s. After this successful extraction, synthetic insulin was rolled out for the

Introduction The occupational respiratory disorder is a lung ailment acquired when exposed to certain chemicals, toxins or dust for a long duration of time. Occupational respiratory disorders are more often seen in developed countries as they have more industries that produce dust and hazardous gases. Materials breathed in the workplaces can cause major chronic lung

Gene therapy is the process of implanting DNA into a patient to remedy a genetic illness. To mitigate the effects of a disease-causing mutation, a functioning gene is usually incorporated in fresh DNA. Gene therapy uses segments of DNA to treat or prevent sickness. To offset the consequences of a disease-causing mutant gene, the DNA

The vaccine uses your body’s natural defences to build resistance to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger. Immunisation is effective because it instructs the immune system on how to recognise and fight infections, which can be germs or bacteria. Specific disease particles must always be inserted into the body to elicit an immunological

Honey production in the world is done through bee-keeping, maintenance, and harvesting of the beehives through apiculture. Honey is one of the healthiest and most popular animal products produced and harvested from honey bees. Different stages are involved in honey production. Commercial honey is different from raw honey, and many steps are involved in the