Class 12

Chemical kinetics usually referred to as reaction kinetics, is a discipline of physical chemistry concerned with the speeds of chemical reactions. If the speed of a reaction is affected by changes in the environment, we can learn something about how the reaction occurs. Kinetic studies are useful for understanding reactions and have applications in the […]

Did you know that India is the world’s greatest producer of bananas and mangoes, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization? It is also the second-largest producer of wheat and rice in the world. As a matter of fact, agriculture has traditionally served as the foundation of our country’s economy. Since the beginning

Peptidase or proteinase is an enzyme that catalyses (increases the rate of the reaction or “speeds up”) proteolysis, which is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids and the induction of the formation of new protein products. Peptidase is an enzyme that is found in the digestive enzyme protease. They accomplish

RNA polymerase complex (or holoenzyme) binding to a specific DNA sequence at the beginning of a gene, known as the promoter, is required for transcription to begin in all species. The activation of the RNA polymerase complex allows for the initiation of transcription, which is followed by the elongation of the transcriptional transcript. As a

Beekeeping, also known as apiculture, is the practice of humans maintaining bee colonies, usually in manufactured hives. Among the most popular are honey bees of the species Apis; however, other honey-generating bees like Melipona that do not have stings are also maintained in captivity. When an individual maintains bees for harvesting honey and some other

Biotechnology is concerned with the techniques of using living organisms or enzymes from living organisms to produce products and processes that are beneficial to humans and other animals. In this sense, the production of curd, bread, and wine, all of which are microbe-mediated processes, could be considered a form of biotechnology. In today’s world, however,

Primers are short RNA sequences that are synthesised by the enzyme primase. These primers are used to start the synthesis of DNA. Primase is classified as an RNA polymerase since it generates RNA molecules. Primase works by generating complementary short RNA sequences to a single-stranded DNA template. Primers must be created by primase before DNA

Principles of treatment are much needed for the treatment of all infectious diseases for two major reasons. The first reason is to deteriorate the effects of symptoms of the disease, and the second is to kill the cause (microbes) of diseases. . We can look upon the symptoms due to inflammation ( the change or

Change in the genotype of an organism by inserting a piece of foreign DNA to exploit it for human use constitutes biotechnology. Biotechnology is based on two main principles. The first principle of biotechnology is genetic engineering used in editing the genomes of various organisms or bacteria by inserting, removing, or substituting the splice of

Introduction Use of natural strains of bacteria and other microorganisms for obtaining products beneficial for human beings has been practised for ages like setting curd from milk by using lactobacillus.Here the genome of the organism is not changed. In Biotechnology we obtain genetically modified organisms which produce desired products in less time and in large