Class 12

Urbanisation and industrial waste are the primary sources of solid waste contamination. It causes bacillary dysentery, diarrhoea, and amoebic dysentery in humans, as well as the plague, salmonellosis, trichinosis, endemic typhus, cholera, jaundice, hepatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, and other diseases. Solid waste management refers to the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid waste that has served […]

Silkworms (sometimes written silkworms) are the larval stage of Bombyx mori, the domesticated silk moth. The silk moth was domesticated from its wild relative Bombyx Mandarina in its original environment of northern China, a cousin that still exists today. According to archaeological data, this happened around 3500 BCE. Silkworm For thousands of years, the caterpillar

Fungi are a group of eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms, members of which have a chitinous cell wall and are distinguished from other living organisms by their unique vegetative structure and nutrient intake. Fungi have a wide range of biological significance. Yeast, rusts, mildews, moulds, mushrooms, and other organisms are members of this group. Mycology In the

In particular, direct discharge of industrial and human effluents into natural resources without prior treatment causes significant damage to human health and the environment. It is vital to treat sewage in order to limit its hazardous effects on the environment, maintain a safe and healthy environment and enhance the welfare of humans. Process of Wastewater

 Sericulture is performed widely in many countries. India and China is the leading silk producer in the world. About 60% of the total silks produced are imported from India and China all over the world. Sericulture is the process that consists of the cultivation of silkworms and the extraction of silk from them. The most

Multiple subunits make up the RNA polymerase enzyme, which is a huge complex. The four subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase are capable of transcribing all forms of RNA. These enzymes have eight or more subunits in eukaryotes and help with the attachment and processing of DNA during transcription. To do their activity, RNA polymerases interact

Ringworm isn’t a worm. It’s a skin infection that’s caused by mold like fungi that thrive on the keratinised structures like skin, hair, and nails. It is also called Dermatophytosis or Tinea in medical terms. It is a red, scaly patch or bump that itches. Over time, the bump turns into a ring- or a

The pili are the plural form of the Latin word Pilus, which means hair. It is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea. The term pili can also be interchangeably used with the term fimbria, which is Latin for ‘fringe’. In some bacteria, pili are used for bacterial conjugation. The

Gene expression is the molecular process through which a gene expresses a phenotype by producing a protein or an enzyme. Which determines the personality. A gene contains the blueprint or information for a protein or enzyme. This category includes mechanisms involved in the rapid on- and off-regulation of gene expression in response to environmental changes.

The recombinant gene is the gene that has been inserted, and the technique used to do so is referred to as recombinant DNA technology. When it comes to recombinant DNA technology, there are numerous processes, instruments, and other particular procedures that must be followed to produce artificial DNA that will be used to create the