Class 12

A quaternary consumer is an animal that consumes at the very top of the food chain, after the primary consumer. These animals primarily prey on or eat animals that are lower on the food chain than they are, such as tertiary and secondary consumers.Some examples of quaternary consumers include hawks and white sharks, both of […]

Ecological Pyramids were given by Charles Elton (1927), these are also known as Eltonian Pyramids  It refers to a graphical representation of relationships between individuals present in different trophic levels in a food chain with respect to number, biomass or energy. Producers represent the base of each pyramid, while tertiary or top level consumers are

An energy pyramid is a diagram that depicts the movement of energy in an ecosystem from one trophic, or feeding, level to the next. The model is a graph that compares how much energy organisms use at different trophic levels. Kilocalories are used to measure the amount of energy in an energy pyramid (kcal). Biomass

In the ecosystem, biomass is how energy flows from the sun to plants, plants to animals and animals to humans, humans to humans, and so on. As we progress through the trophic levels, a small amount of biomass is consumed by consumers or secondary consumers. The aquatic ecology, on the other hand, is the polar

A biomass pyramid is a graphical representation of the total amount of live biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem, as represented by different colours. For the sake of this equation, biomass is defined as the mass of live creatures present at each trophic level in a given sample size.

Ecological Pyramids are a graphical representation of the relationship between different living species at various trophic levels. G.Evylen Hutchinson and Raymond Lindeman offered this. The biomass of each trophic level is determined by the number of individual organisms. Each step or level of the food chain contributes to the formation of a trophic level. Autotrophs

Biodiversity consists of two words, bio, which means life, and diversity, which means a wide( variety). Biodiversity can be defined as a huge batch of species of germs, algae, fungi, grains and creatures occurring on the planet, either in territorial or oceanic habitats and ecological networks . Biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of

In ecology, the term productivity refers to the rate at which biomass is produced in an ecosystem. It is typically expressed in units of mass per unit volume (unit surface) per unit of time, such as grammes per square metre per day (g m2 d1), but it can also be expressed in units of mass

Producers are autotrophs by definition, which means they feed themselves. This category of organisms creates food in the form of energy-rich compounds such as carbohydrates by using solar energy (photosynthesis) or, more rarely, inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). This process, the synthesis of carbon dioxide into organic molecules, is known as primary production, and it is

Primary productivity is defined in ecological terms as the production of organic compounds by the biological process of photosynthesis. In other words, it is the number of organic compounds produced per unit of time. Also known as the rate at which solar energy is converted into organic substances by the process of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic