Class 12

E. coli and S. enterica must duplicate their circular genomes, which each contains around 4.7 megabase pairs of double-stranded DNA, before splitting into two daughter cells. The nutritional state of the cell and the mechanism that initiates the commencement of new DNA polymerization must be perfectly coordinated for this important step of cellular reproduction to […]

Population biologists, therefore, are more interested in population-level dynamics than in individual creature behaviour and destinies. Whereas Birth rates, for example, are demographic characteristics of populations. The birth rate, the mortality rate, and the population growth rate .it are not something that individuals in the population have, it is something that the population as a

We are born as newborns and steadily grow through phases before reaching maturity. These stages are termed a life cycle. A life cycle is defined as the stages of development that take place throughout the course of an organism’s existence. A life cycle terminates when an organism dies. In general, plants and animals go through

Growth is rarely a result of chance. Instead, it proceeds as per a predetermined schedule that ultimately decides the shape and size of the person. Special areas of a lifeform, like layers of cells that divide and grow in size near the apex of a plant stem, may be able to grow only when certain

In most cases, the bacteria which cause gonorrhoea can be discovered in release from the penis as well as in vaginal secretions. Gonorrhea is easily transmitted between people through the following routes -Use of unprotected sex trying to share vibrators or even other sex toys which have not been cleaned or encased with a fresh

Many plants reproduce in this way naturally, but it can also be made artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation systems that use vegetative propagules to clone plants. The success rates and difficulties of propagation vary greatly. Monocotyledons frequently lack a vascular cambium, making propagation more difficult. Plant propagation is the process of increasing the number

Geometric growth is a time-based process that increases quantity. It happens when a quantity’s instantaneous rate of change (or derivative) with respect to time is proportionate to the quantity itself. A quantity exhibiting exponential growth is described as an exponential function of time, in which the variable denoting time is the exponent (in contrast to

Multiplication phase is the phase during gametogenesis.  During foetal development, certain cells in the germinal epithelium of the foetal ovary are larger than others. Mitosis causes these cells to divide, resulting in a couple of million egg mother cells or oogonia in each foetal ovary. After birth, no new oogonia are created or added. The

Introduction An asexually formed clump of cells that is capable of maturing into a new organism or an adult freshwater sponge is referred to as a Gemmule in scientific literature. This type of cell is made up of little bud-like cells that sponges produce to endure adverse environmental circumstances. A freshwater sponge can reproduce both

Sexual reproduction plants involve two types of forms named gametophytes and sporophytes. Gametophytes represent the sexual phase of the organism in the life cycle. Sporophytes represent the non-sexual phase in the life cycle of that plant. Transfer of gametophyte to sporophyte and vice versa represents the alternation of generation. Gametophytes represent the multicellular haploid phase