Reproduction in organisms: Asexual and sexual reproduction

The new generations that an animal goes through from its beginning phase to the early stages of its progeny are referred to as a life cycle. Life cycles vary in severity from pretty simplistic with unicellular bacteria, which start with fission and cease with the caregiver asexually splitting into two identical daughter cells, to extremely […]

To guarantee proper division and production of progeny cells with intact genomes, these activities, namely cell division, DNA replication, and cell development, must be synchronised. The cell cycle of the B cell is when a cell replicates its genome, synthesises other cell parts, and splits into two daughters. While cell proliferation (in terms of cytoplasmic

The replication of genomic DNA can be separated into three stages:  (1) Initiation, in which the replicative DNA helicase unwinds the origin of DNA replication.  (2) Elongation, in which forks use semi-conservative DNA synthesis to duplicate the chromosome.  (3) Termination, when converging replication forks meet, the process ends. Replication initiation is regulated in bacteria and

Muller is credited with coining the term “telomere.” The work of Barbara McClintock demonstrated that broken chromosomes have sticky ends when compared to natural chromosomal ends, which are stable and do not have a tendency to fuse together. Telomeres are responsible for preventing chromosomes from adhering to one another and for protecting them from deterioration.

INTRODUCTION There are two steps to starting DNA replication. An initiator protein unwinds a small section of the double helix of DNA first. The helicase protein subsequently binds to the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands and breaks them, causing the two strands to separate. The helicase continues to break hydrogen bonds

In a nutshell, sporulation is the generation of spores from vegetative cells in the presence of unfavourable environmental conditions. As such, it can be thought of as an adaptive response that permits an organism to live in the face of adversity (radiation, extreme heat or cold, lack of nutrition etc). Spores (produced during sporulation) are

In a nutshell, sporulation is the generation of spores from vegetative cells in the presence of unfavourable environmental conditions. As such, it can be thought of as an adaptive response that permits an organism to live in the face of adversity (radiation, extreme heat or cold, lack of nutrition etc). Spores (produced during sporulation) are

Introduction: Spermatogenesis refers to the process through which males generate sperm from immature germ cells. It occurs in seminiferous tubules of the testes. During spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium (male germ cell) develops into a diploid primary spermatocyte. This diploid primary spermatocyte undergoes its first meiotic division (meiosis I), which is a reductional division that produces

The spermatid is represented by a haploid male gamete that is produced by secondary spermatocyte division. Each spermatid possesses just half of the genetic material contained in the original primary spermatocyte as a result of meiosis. Cytoplasmic material connects spermatids, and there is excess cytoplasmic material around their nuclei. Early round spermatids must go through

The spermatheca is the sperm storage organs of the female reproductive tract in bees, ants, cockroaches, some molluscs, oligochaetes like earthworms, and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates like frogs. It is ectodermal in origin as outgrowths of the median oviduct generally originate near or on the genital chamber and produce a cuticle lining. It stores