Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that spreads from person to person via skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 different types of HPV, more than 40 of which are transmitted through sexual contact and can affect your genitals, mouth, or throat. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection, according to the Centers for […]

Introduction Both male and female bodies undergo multiple changes during adolescence, the most noticeable of which are an increase in height, a change in voice and change in body shape. During adolescence, the activity of sebum and sweat glands increases, so does the development of sex organs and secondary sexual features. Hormones, in particular, play

Gestational age is the amount of time a fetus spends growing inside the mother’s uterus. Gestational age is related to the stage of development of the fetus as well as its cognitive and physical development. The gestational age of a fetus is especially important in determining the potential negative effects of fetal exposure to toxins

Introduction In mammals, Gestation (or the gestation definition) is outlined as the time between conception and birth, throughout the vertebrate or embryo developing within the womb. In such cases, the gestation start is sometimes dated from some well-defined points within the procreative cycle (for example, the start of the previous catamenial period). About Gestation The

Gametogenesis, the process of forming mature gametes, is an integral part of the health and well-being of both individuals and species. It specialises in the important male and female genetic and epigenetic processes that underlie ordinary gametogenesis through  differentiation up to fertilisation. In animals and higher plants, different differentiation programs result in the formation of

The epididymis is a male reproductive organ present in vertebrate species that practise internal fertilisation.The epididymis is the tube that transports both urine and sperm out of the penis. The epididymis is a comma-shaped, elongated structure made up of a single fine tubular structure that can reach a length of up to 6 metres (20

A follicle is a cellular aggregation in the ovaries of females, which secrete hormones that affect the menstrual cycle. It contains an ovum encapsulated in a single layer of cells. When puberty sets in a woman’s life, they are 3,00,000 to 4,00,000 lakhs in number initially. Each one of them releases an egg for fertilization.

Menstrual Cycle Menstrual cycle is marked by a characteristic event repeated every month (28 days with minor variations) in the form of menstrual flow (i. e shedding of endometrium of uterus with bleeding). Girls get their first period (menarche) on average, between the ages of 11 and 14years. By this age other sexual traits have

The precise moment when a fertilised ovum, embryo, foetus, or baby is referred to as a “human being” is debatable and varies between individuals, religious groups, legal systems, and nations. This study session will not address this difficult concept, but will instead focus on theoretical knowledge of how the ovum is fertilised and implanted in

Numerous endogenous and exogenous factors influence male and female reproductive health. A vast amount of literature has been devoted to understanding how such factors operate to disrupt reproductive organs and cells, as well as what kind of preventive or curative actions might be implemented. Polyphenols, primarily due to their antioxidant properties, are promising substances for