Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems

Male gametes are produced by microsporangia, which are sporangia that produce microspores. All plants with heterosporic life cycles, such as spike mosses, have microsporangia. The microsporangia in gymnosperm and angiosperm anthers create microsporocytes, the microspore mother cells, which then make four microspores through the meiosis process.  Role in the process of reproduction in plants: When […]

Human embryonic development (HED) is the process of forming a human embryo. During the early stages of development, the embryo divides and differentiates its cells. In biology, the human body develops from a single-celled zygote to an adult. A sperm cell successfully penetrates and unites with an egg cell (ovum). The germinal stage of development

In species that produce two morphologically distinct forms of gametes and in which each individual produces just one type, a female is any individual who produces the bigger type of gamete, known as an ovum, and a male produces the smaller type, known as a sperm. Sperm cells, also known as spermatozoa, are tiny and

Introduction The establishment of sex in an organism or progeny through differential development is known as sex determination. It decides whether the baby will be male or female. For this objective, different animals employ a variety of tactics. Some organisms, such as turtles, rely only on environmental conditions to determine their sex, such as temperature.

In honeybees, sex is determined by the fertilisation or non-fertilization of eggs, rather than the presence or absence of sex chromosomes on the chromosomes (or honey bees). It was a Catholic priest named Johann Dzierzon who made the first discovery of this method of sex determination, back in 1845. According to Dzierzon, only male progeny

In biology, sex determination refers to a system that determines the sexual characteristics of an organism or its offspring. It aids in determining whether the organism will be male or female, the two most common sexes. The most common method is chromosomal sex determination, in which the male’s sex chromosome, i.e. the X or Y

Identifying the sex of an animal is an important part of the reproduction process. Genes and environmental factors that influence sex differentiation are referred to as gender determination, while the manifestation of these events in terms of testicular or ovarian development is referred to as gender differentiation (Mittwoch, 1996). Instead of using the term “sex

It is a member of the genus Felis and the family Felidae that the domestic cat is derived from. The cat breed registries of the world recognise approximately 60 different cat breeds. Feline hypercarnivores are defined as those who consume large amounts of meat, such as cats and other members of the Felidae. This means

Miscarriages are also known as spontaneous abortion, or we can refer to them as the unexpected ending of a pregnancy. It is also considered pregnancy loss in medical terms. It is a phenomenon that comprises the death of an embryo before it is being delivered. Most miscarriages occur before a woman misses a menstrual period

Belonging to the genus of Enterovirus and the family of Picornaviridae, the rhinovirus is known to be the most common cause of the common cold in humans and thus, it is highly important from a pathological point of view and also a medicinal point of view. It is the most commonly found viral infectious agent