Biotechnology and Its Applications

Bacteria are also prokaryotic; their domain comprises cells that have bacterial rRNA, lack a nuclear membrane, and have mostly diacyl glycerol diester lipids in their membranes. Historically categorised as bacteria, they flourish in the same surroundings as humans and were the first prokaryotes found; they were briefly referred to as the Eubacteria or “real” bacteria […]

First time, François Jacob and Jacques Monod emit a molecule that can carry genetic material in the form of proteins. Severo Ochoa won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing a method for in vitro synthesis of RNA with polynucleotide phosphorylase, useful for decoding the genetic code. RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase

Prokaryotes have been extensively investigated in terms of DNA replication, partly due to the tiny size of their genomes and the large number of mutations that are available. 4.6 million base pairs make up a circular chromosome in the bacteria E. coli, and the entire chromosome is duplicated in around 42 minutes, starting from a

DNA replicates semi-conservatively and is aided by a series of enzymes. Let us look at the DNA replication process and the enzymes that play a role in it. DNA Replication is the natural process of producing two identical copies of DNA from a single unique DNA molecule. The most important aspect of organic legacy is

In 1956, Arthur Kornberg identified DNA polymerase for the first time in E. coli lysates. The enzyme is used in the replication of DNA by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. DNA polymerase enzymes come in a variety of forms, with DNA polymerase I being the first to be discovered. Each of these types is essential

Thomas Kornberg, Arthur Kornberg’s son, identified and described the DNA polymerase II of E. coli in 1970. In 1970, Knippers and Moses and Richardson published separate papers on DNA polymerase II. coli mutants defective in DNA pol I were created in 1969 by De Lucia and Cairns to better understand the in vivo role of

DNA polymerase I (also known as Pol I) is an enzyme involved in bacterial DNA replication. It was the first known DNA polymerase, discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956. (and the first known of any kind of polymerase). It was first discovered in E. coli and is now found in all prokaryotes. The E. coli

DNA is made up of deoxyribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic material. It is acidic in nature, and it may be found in the nucleus of the cell where it functions. Mischer discovered the DNA cell or DNA in 1869, and he gave it the scientific name nuclein. After that, Altmann discovered that

DNA-dependent DNA polymerases are enzymes that direct the synthesis of new DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in the opposite direction of an existing DNA template, which holds the genetic information necessary for an organism’s survival. A polymerase must choose and catalyse the insertion of a complementary nucleotide (dNTP) substrate into a nascent DNA strand from

Dialysis is a treatment that can extend and improve the lives of people with end-stage renal failure. However, dialysis has a number of inherent risks, which are amplified in patients who are at risk of complications, such as the elderly or those with underlying medical conditions. Dialysis The kidneys are in charge of eliminating excess