Principles of biotechnology: Genetic engineering

Biosafety level meaning A biosafety level (BSL), or microorganisms assurance level, is a set of biocontainment safety measures expected to confine hazardous organic specialists in an encased lab office. BSLs are a progression of assurances consigned to autoclave-related exercises that happen specifically in natural and open seated labs. They are individual shields intended to safeguard […]

The central dogma in molecular biology shows the passage of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It is understood as the method of converting DNA information into a functioning product. It is considered that the information provided in DNA is necessary for the formation of all proteins and that RNA acts as a

Ringworm is an infection, not a worm. Mold Like fungi which grow on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails cause this skin illness. It’s available in any of these locations, as well as on your scalp. It’s referred to as an athlete’s foot whenever it occurs between your toes. It’s called jock

Protozoal illnesses come in various forms—causes of protozoa infection known as protozoal disorders. A protozoan is an organism that lives inside your body and exhibits animal or plant-like behaviours and motions. There are strategies to keep these illnesses at a distance. Protozoa can be parasitic, producing a variety of diseases in both animals and humans.

Ascariasis is defined as a roundworm infection. The said worms reside in the small intestine and are parasites. They use the human body in the form of the host to grow in size from eggs that develop into adult worms. Only adult worms have reproducing abilities and can be 30 cm long. There are many

It defends the cell against oxidative damage caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species. Many metabolic pathways in the cell produce reactive oxygen species as a byproduct. Chemically, they are reactive. Peroxides, superoxides, singlet oxygen, and the hydroxyl radical are examples. They might drastically rise in the presence of environmental stress, resulting in oxidative

You must have noticed that it splits up and forms seeds whenever a fruit is mature. But is this phenomenon as simple as it sounds? There is more to this process. This fruit which later splits up to form seeds, is called a capsule. In microbiology, the case of a capsule is different. In this

One of the most severe problems a cancer patient suffers is its detection. The detection of cancer in its initial stages is crucial to plan treatment. If cancer is not detected in its early stages, the condition could worsen and even lead to the patient’s death. Cancer must be detected and treated as early as

Transgenic crops are Bacillus thuringiensis or (Bt) crops. These crops’ plant cells release a toxin that is comparable to that produced by the Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria. This provides natural pest protection for crops. The bacterium produces substances known as “cry proteins,” which are crystal proteins (short for “cry” proteins). Pests are poisoned by these proteins.

These genes are responsible for the generation of insecticidal proteins, and as a result, plants that have been genetically modified produce one or more toxins as they grow. The genes that have been put into cotton create poisons that are nearly solely active against caterpillar pests, which are a type of caterpillar (Lepidoptera). The bacteria