Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

The seeds of some plants have rocky shells that make it difficult, if not impossible, for moisture to penetrate the seeds. Such seeds will not germinate without human help. In the wild, common rodents bite seeds, and their sharp teeth can weaken shells that are hard enough for protected embryos to absorb water. All chopping […]

Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs within a cell’s cytoplasm that serve various functions. In mature plant cells, large vacuoles serve an important role in structural support and activities such as storage, illegal dumping, preservation, and growth. Many plant cells feature a single big central vacuole that takes up most of the cell’s space (80 percent or

The male part (androecium) or the female part (gynoecium) of the flower, but not both, can be present in the same flowers. Both the male and female portions of the flower are present in the same flower. They are of two types: monoecious or dioecious flowers. They are also called androgynous flowers. Cross and self-pollination

Triglycerides are esters in which three molecules of one or more different fatty acids are linked to the alcohol glycerol; they are named after the fatty acid components; tristearin, for example, contains three molecules of stearic acid, whereas oleo distearin contains one molecule of oleic acid and two molecules of stearic acid. Three long-chain carboxylic

Introduction Typically, in hierarchical soil classification systems, soil types are found at the higher or intermediate levels of the classification system. The subtypes of a soil type are typically further differentiated, and in many systems, numerous soil types can be joined to form entities of a higher category. According to Whitney (1909), the soil type

Introduction A gynoecium, also known as a pistil, is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It is made up of a stigma, a style, and an ovary. A stigma is found at the style’s tip and might have several lobes. It has a hairy appearance and secretes a sweet liquid. During pollination, pollen grains

Tectonics is derived from the Latin word tectonicus, which in Ancient Greek meant “plate.” Building tectonics is a scientific idea that claims to explain the large-scale movements of seven major plates as well as the motions of a larger number of plates that are thought to be smaller plates of the planet’s lithosphere. Around 3.3

Introduction A two-kingdom classification system was developed, with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms that included all plants and animals, respectively. This system was in use until recently. This system did not differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms. The classification of organisms into plants and animals was

Joints are the points where the bones of the skeleton join together. An articulations is another name for a joint. The majority of joints are built in such a way that they can move about. Not all joints, however, allow for mobility. The extent and direction of the movements allowed by joints that do allow

Compared to the thinner, more water-dynamic shells of turtles, the tortoise’s shell has a more rounded and domed shape. To make swimming easier, turtles have more streamlined shells. The most important thing to understand about tortoises is that they are mostly land creatures. Turtles, on the other hand, are primarily aquatic creatures. From deserts to