Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins

Stamens are the male reproductive organs of flowering plants. In most species, they are made up of an anther, which is where pollen grows, and a stalk-like filament, which delivers water and nutrients to the anther and positions it to help pollen spread. Male sporogenous cells differentiate and go through meiosis within the anther to […]

  What is Sporulation? Sporulation is the formation of inactive and nearly asleep bacteria. Spores are able to preserve the genetic material of bacteria in extreme conditions that make it difficult for normal bacteria. The multi-layered structure of sporulation can be sustained for a long period. Spores protect bacteria from heat and extreme radiation for a longer

In the past decades, agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. The entire world depends on agriculture for food.  Therefore, agriculture is mainly involved in the production of basic food crops. Altogether, about 70 – 80 per cent of the world’s population practices agriculture. There are certain parameters and different agricultural practices, which

The term sorosis means the fleshy type of fruit formed by the process of combination of various flowers with their particular container or repository, ovaries, etc. as the breadfruit, mulberry, and pineapple. This type of structure in Sorosis typically includes leftovers of floral tissues, for example, the perianth. Sorosis can also be defined as the

Somatic embryogenesis is an artificial procedure in which a plant or embryo is generated from a single somatic cell. Somatic embryos are created from plant cells that are not ordinarily involved in the development of embryos, i.e., regular plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is developed around a somatic embryo. Cells taken from competent

Variation in tissue culture regenerated plants from somatic cells can be employed in the generation of crops with novel features, making somaclonal variation a vital tool in plant breeding.  Plants regenerated from callus have a lot of somaclonal variety, which isn’t limited to them.  The differences might be genotypic or phenotypic, with the latter being

The nightshade family, or Solanaceae, is a wide group of flowering plants. Tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, and tobacco are among the plants found there. The family Fabaceae includes Lupinus a genus of plants,  ‘Albus’ is a cultivar, Lupin white. White lupin is a hardy annual that blooms late in the spring or early in the

Cones and seeds are developed by Gymnosperms, which are flowerless plants. Gymnosperm seeds are referred to as “bare seeds” since they are not housed within an ovary. Instead, they are placed on the surface of bracts, which are leaf-like structures. Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes are instances of gymnosperms, which are vascular plants belonging to

Plants’ parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue found underneath the epidermis. It is made up of live cells that have thin cell walls and are loosely packed to allow for intracellular space. Because parenchyma contains chlorophyll, it participates in photosynthesis.  It offers storage capabilities as well as other features. The parenchyma cell wall is made

Fruits are known as angiosperms by which flowering plants disseminate their seeds. In a symbiotic relationship which means seed dispersal for one group and nutrition for the other, these edible fruits have long propagated using the movements of humans and animals. So, humans and animals are gradually becoming more dependent on simple fruits as means