Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins

Systematics Systematics is the study of biological diversity and the organisation of the data into a classification. The word systematics is derived from the Latin word ‘systema,’ which refers to the orderly organisation of organisms. It encompasses the species’ evolutionary relationships. Plant systematics is the study of how plants and their evolutionary descent interact.  Similarities, […]

Introduction The tapetum is a specialised layer of nutritive cells found between the sporogenous tissue and the anther wall within the anther of flowering plants. Tapetum is necessary for pollen grain nutrition and development, as well as a source of pollen coat precursors. The cells are often larger and feature more than one nucleus per

The tapetum is a specialised layer of nutritive cells placed between the sporogenous tissue and the anther wall of flowering plants. Tapetum is critical for pollen grain nutrition and development, as well as a source of precursors for the pollen coat. Cells are often larger and contain several nuclei. As sporogenous cells divide, the nuclei

Gymnosperms, also known as Acro Gymnospermae, are a flowerless plant family that produces seeds and cones. Gymnosperm is a flowerless plant whose name literally means “naked seed.”  Gymnosperm seeds are not enclosed within the ovaries, therefore this is the case. Instead, they’re exposed on the surface of leaf-like structures called bracts, where they sit. Gymnosperms

Syconus is a composite fruit formed from a hollow fleshy inflorescence stalk inside which tiny flowers develop. The female flowers produce small drupes, the `pips. Example: Fig (Ficus carica). Syconus fruits are the type of multiple fruits developed from the hypanthium, a type of inflorescence. The Dorstenia and Ficus are the main examples of Syconus fruit.  They are usually enlarged

The stem is the section of the axis that ascends and bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It grows from the plumule of a sprouting seed’s embryo. There are nodes and internodes in it. Nodes are the parts of the stem where leaves are born. Internodes, on the other hand, are the areas between two

The stigma, along with the style and ovary (often referred to as the stigma-style-ovary system), makes up the pistil, which is a portion of a plant’s gynoecium, or female reproductive organ. The stigma is made up of stigmatic papillae, which have pollen-receptive cells and form the distal section of the style or stylodia. These can

The stem is one of two fundamental structural axes of vascular plants, the other being the root. It keeps leaves, flowers, and fruits alive, transports water and dissolved substances between roots and shoots in the xylem and phloem, stores nutrients, and regenerates new living tissue in the xylem and phloem. A vascular plant’s stem is

Fruits are an important and distinguishing feature of plants (angiosperms). The fruits are the result of reproduction, while the flower is a reproductive unit. Fruits are structures that contain seeds. It grows from a fully matured ovary. They include a lot of vitamins, minerals, and fibre. Humans eat grapes, bananas, papaya, and watermelon, among other

Introduction A flowering plant’s seed is an essential component. They produce a new plant as a result of their actions. They can come in a variety of shapes, colours, and sizes. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including spherical, wrinkled, winged, and hairy. They will remain dormant until they acquire enough sunlight,