Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins

The Hawaiian Islands comprise a diverse range of plant species, many of which are unique to the globe. One group, in particular, stands out because it represents the most prominent plant radiation on an archipelago, not only in Hawaii.  The Hawaiian Lobelioids (Campanulaceae) are members of the Lobelia genus, which includes the gorgeous cardinal flower […]

The majority of plant species on the planet are angiosperms, which are plants that produce flowers. Flowering plants develop an androecium or pistil in the center of their bloom, which is surrounded by stamens or gynoecia. Pollen is produced by stamens, and ovules are produced by the pistil – these two parts are at the

“Gymnosperm” is derived from the Greek terms “gymnos” meaning naked, and “Sperma” meaning seed, so “Naked seeds.” The Gymnosperms belong to the group Spermatophyta, which includes flowering plants and Angiosperms. Ovuliferous scales, which are not contained in carpels, bear exposed ovules on flat scale leaves called Gymnospermae (ovary). Cones are formed by the ovuliferous scales.

Gymnosperms are seed plants that have adapted to land existence; as such, they are autotrophic, photosynthetic creatures that save water. They have a vascular system (used for water and nutrient transfer) that includes roots, xylem, and phloem. The term gymnosperm refers to a “naked seed,” which is the primary distinction between gymnosperms and angiosperms, two

In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms have ovules that are not encased within the ovary wall. It is exposed before, during, and after fertilisation, as well as before it develops into a seed. Gymnosperm stems can be either branched or unbranched. These plants’ thick cuticle, needle – like leaves, and recessed stomata help them conserve water.

In botany, a category of plants known as Gymnosperms are defined as “plants that develop seeds that are not encased within the ovary or fruit.” Gymnosperms are a type of flowering plant. Gymnosperm is derived from the Greek terms “gymnos” (naked) and “sperma” (seed), and as a result, they are also known as “Naked seeds.”

Auxins can be described as a combination of natural and synthetic plant hormones. They are important in controlling plant growth. Auxins were first isolated from human urine. Auxin can be translated as “enlarge” or to “increase”. They stimulate cell division, differentiation and elongation. Charles Darwin observed phototropism (bending of plants towards the light) in the coleoptile canary grass. He

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are the chemicals used to change plant growth such as increasing branching, suppressing shoot growth, increasing return bloom, removing excess fruit, or altering fruit maturity. Numerous factors affect the performance of PGRs including how well the chemical is absorbed by the plant. Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, abscisic acid and compounds affecting the

A plant grows when its stem and roots expand or, in other words, when the tissues in the plant expand or multiply, hence increasing the plant growth.Stems are a subsection of the shoot system; they are of various shapes, lengths, and girths. Stems are differentiated based on the growth of nodes and internodes.The stem is

Growth is defined as an unstoppable, continuous increase in the size of a biological part or even a single cell. To put it another way, any living organism’s most basic characteristic is growth. It’s also accompanied by a number of metabolic activities that consume energy in the body. Anabolic or catabolic systems are the two