Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins

In Spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal refers to the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants show limited mobility and are dependent upon a variety of dispersal vectors in order to transport their seeds, this involves both the abiotic vectors, like those of the wind, and biotic (living) vectors like those […]

Pleiotropy corresponds to a specific gene expressing multiple traits. These traits that have been expressed might not really be related. Pleiotropy was discovered by geneticist Gregor Mendel, who is better remembered for his pea plant research. Plant flower colour (white or purple) still was associated with the colour of the leaf axil (area on a

Equisetum, also called horsetail, snake grass, or puzzle grass, is the main living genus in Equisetaceae, a group of plants, which are created by spores as opposed to seeds. It is a “living fossil”, the main living family of the whole subclass Equisetinae, which for around 100 million years was substantially more different and overwhelmed

Introduction It is possible to describe tissue culture as the method of in vitro cultivation of plant or animal cells, tissues, or organs in the nutritional medium under aseptic circumstances, commonly in a glass container, under aseptic settings. A variety of terms are used to describe it, including “septic culture” and “in vitro culture.” Depending

The stem is unbranched and straight. The leaf bases are strong, woody, and long-lasting. The stem becomes rougher as a result. The apex of the stem is surrounded by a clump of brown scales. The stem’s base is covered in pinnate compound leaves. The stem develops at a glacial rate. It grows a cluster of

A fruit is the fleshy or dry ripening ovary of a flowering plant that encloses the seed or seeds in a botanical sense.  What is a fruit  Fruit is a flowering plant’s fleshy or dry ripening ovary that contains the seed or seeds. Apricots, bananas, and grapes are all technically fruits, as are bean pods,

Stomata were cell structures found in the epidermal of tree leaves or needles that help plants exchange carbon dioxide and water with the environment. What exactly are Stomata? Stomata are epidermal openings that are delimited by two guard cells. The term stoma is defined by Esau to include the guard cells and the pore between

Stems are a component of a plant’s shoot system. They can range in length from a few millimetres to hundreds of metres. They also vary in diameter depending on the plant type. Stems are often found above ground, while some plants, such as potatoes, have underground stems. Stems can be herbaceous (soft) or woody in

Attempts to find the causative agents of previously unknown diseases have resulted in the discovery of non – living disease agents that are not viruses. These include particles made entirely of RNA or protein that, despite their lack of ability to self-produce at the expense of a host, have a critical similarity to viruses which

Introduction Vegetative propagation also known as vegetative reproduction is the form of asexual reproduction that occurs in plants to grow a new plant by cutting the fragment of a parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.  Vegetative Propagation  Vegetative propagation is a process that includes various procedures and methods to