Human Physiology

“Cretinism is defined as congenital hypothyroidism or underactivity of the thyroid glands that manifests itself during early childhood and results in stunted growth and mental retardation.” It is believed that the term “cretin” came from the French word chrétien, which literally translates as “Christian” or “Christ-like” because the ill were mentally handicapped and unable to […]

Introduction Hormones are steroids or proteins that are created and released in one region of the body and then transported to another part of the body where they exert their influence. Hormones perform their functions as a result of the signal transduction process. Antagonistic hormones are those that work in opposition to one another. Often,

Angiotensin is a peptide hormone produced in the human body. It is an oligopeptide and is converted from Angiotensinogen. Angiotensin is a significant hormone that plays a vital role in the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin is produced in the liver of the human body. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin. Renin is also a hormone produced

The adrenocorticotropic hormone is considered an important hormone for the functioning of the adrenal gland. It stimulates the production of a stress hormone called cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal gland. It is secreted by corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. The primary function of the adrenocorticotropic hormone is to stimulate the secretion

On top of the adrenal gland, there is the adrenal medulla. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) are produced by this gland. They circulate in the bloodstream, depending on their need. Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are managed by these glands. In emergency situations, adrenaline is required to increase blood flow to the brain and

What do you suppose happens in your body when you are terrified or ready to face a potentially dangerous situation? Do you have any anxiety? Do you have any tremors in your hands? This is due to the adrenal glands, which are little triangle glands located on the top of both kidneys. The suprarenal gland

The adrenal gland, also known as the suprarenal gland, is an endocrine gland. An Italian anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi was the first to describe adrenal glands in 1563-1564. Jean Riolan the Younger gave the suprarenal term and specified its location in 1629. The adrenal gland produces a variety of hormones like adrenaline, aldosterone etc. Its location

The adrenal organ is divided into two sections: the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the exterior part of the organ; it generates two chemicals: cortisol and aldosterone. Meanwhile, the medulla is located within the organ and generates adrenaline and noradrenaline. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines. Catecholamines include adrenaline, noradrenaline, and trace amounts of

These glands produce many hormones that have a variety of functions, including regulating salt levels in the blood, keeping blood pressure regulated, and producing some sex hormones. Every zone produces a particular hormone. An adrenal gland’s adrenal medulla resides inside the adrenal cortex, towards the gland’s middle. This gland produces a lot of adrenaline, the

Cortisol and Aldosterone. Adrenal cancer is a rare and deadly disease that affects the outer layer of the adrenal gland. An adrenal incidentaloma is a term for tumours or masses detected on the adrenal gland throughout a routine evaluation for another ailment. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a hereditary condition in which the body does