Human Physiology

The fluids produced by different parts of the body, such as blood, lymph, milk, saliva, tears etc., and circulated in the body via the circulatory system are known as body fluids. However, it is vital to study the classification of body fluids and circulation to understand the circulatory system fully. Blood and lymph are regarded as […]

Fluids are water-based substances that contain ions and minerals that are essential for body functions and transport of minerals for metabolism.  The fluids of the body are divided into two main divisions: intracellular fluid (inside the fluid cell) and extracellular fluid (outside the fluid cell).  Intracellular fluids are present inside the cells. They have a

Blood is an essential constituent of the human body. It makes up almost seven per cent of the body weight. It differs according to weight and size of the body, gender, place of living, etc. The blood type varies from human to human, and it is differentiated based on the presence or absence of antigens

Biomolecules – structure and functions of proteins All living organisms are made up of the same elements and compounds. If we perform an analysis on animal tissue, plant tissue or on microbes the basic components are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and several other components. The components do not vary even in non-living things. All the carbon

Introduction An average 70 kg human has roughly 90 g of sodium and 170 g of potassium, compared to only 5 g of iron and 0.06 g of copper. Potassium ions are more abundant inside cells than sodium ions, and they can also be found outside the cell in blood plasma. The transport of sodium

Biochemistry is a subdivision of these two subjects: biology and chemistry. It is the branch of science that investigates the chemical process within a living organism. Lipids are very large, organic, non-polar molecules. They are available naturally. They are not readily soluble in water but dissolve in non-polar solvents. They embody hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon

The anus is the last part of the body’s gastrointestinal tract (GIT). At this last part, temporary storage of faecal matter occurs and discharges them out of the body. The anus is about 4 cm long. The excreta from the fully-digested food is sent to the anus after the digestion process completes. The rectum can

Anticipation is the process of making predictions about the future based on knowledge from the past and present. Although it is most commonly linked with human psychology, there is mounting evidence that various animals without complicated brain systems, as well as biochemical networks themselves, may respond to imagined future situations. Although anticipatory processes like circadian

Introduction The human body is a single structure of several different organs and organ systems. Each body system has specific physiology and function. Without these systems, it will be difficult for any person or species to survive. Morphology is the study of the biological form and the structure of an animal or human body. An

Anatomy is the study of living structures. Gross anatomy is the dissection and examination of major bodily structures. Microscopical anatomy is the study of structural components visible only using a light microscope. Anatomical dissection is required. To cut apart is the Greek ana temnein, which Theophrastus coined as “anatomy.” It refers to a body part