Human Physiology

Introduction  Informational chemical molecules called hormones are produced by specific glands which are ductless and are found in different parts of our body. These hormones are poured into the bloodstream directly and are circulated so that they can reach the target organs. All the ductless glands or endocrine glands work in coordination and are controlled […]

The pineal gland in humans is a small (100-150mg), highly vascularized, secretory neuroendocrine organ that produces a variety of hormones. Located in the middle of the brain, outside of the blood-brain barrier, and attached to the roof of the third ventricle by a short stalk, it is a structure that has evolved. With increasing age

Hormones are chemicals that have an impact on a wide range of bodily functions, from hunger and reproduction to growth and development, as well as more complex functions such as human emotions and behaviour. They are produced in our bodies by nine primary glands, which together with a number of auxiliary organs form the endocrine

The sensitive process of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the blood is primarily maintained by a properly functioning parathyroid gland. The parathyroid gland is made up of four small glands located in the middle of the anterior neck, posterior to the thyroid. In response to low calcium levels in the blood, the parathyroid gland secretes

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is located below Adam’s apple, along the front of the windpipe, and is a butterfly-shaped organ. The thyroid gland is divided into two side lobes that are connected by an isthmus in

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that produces thyroid hormone and sits low on the front of the neck. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located below Adam’s apple and along the front of the windpipe. The thyroid gland is divided into two side lobes, which are joined in the middle by an

Peptide hormones are a type of protein that binds to receptor proteins and controls whether or not a biological pathway is active. Hormones are biological substances that direct & coordinate development, reproduction and growth in multicellular organisms in general. Peptide linkages between amino acids are referred to as peptides. As a result, a peptide hormone

Steroids are biological molecules whose molecular structure is arranged in four rings. Steroids (fat-soluble) help convert the complex compounds of fat into simpler compounds. There are two categories of steroids developed in our bodies: corticosteroids and sex steroids. Corticosteroids are mainly formed in the adrenal cortex, and sex steroids are formed in the gonads and

Hypothalamus is a small cone-shaped structure in the brain that lies below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland, to which a stalk attaches it. It is approximately the size of a pea and accounts for less than 1% of the brain’s weight.  The brain receives signals from different systems and parts of the body,

What is the hypothalamus and what function does it perform? The hypothalamus (or hypothalamus) is a very small region of the human brain located adjacent to the pituitary gland. It is divided into three distinct geographical areas: The anterior region. The middle region. The posterior region. It is vital in the synthesis of hormones. Maintaining