Circulation: Heart, cardiac cycle, blood pressure

To know about the post-steady state, we need to start with a steady state. So, what exactly is the study state? Talking study states it is a condition that changes very less over a given limited time. For example, the energy state of an atom. A situation where all state variables are constant even when […]

The cardiac cycle is the sequential, repetitive events occurring in the heart. It is composed of systole and diastole of both the atria and ventricles. The heart rate denotes the occurrence of the cardiac cycle.  What is the cardiac cycle in simple explanation? The series of steps that allow the heart to pump in and

Maintaining a balanced diet that includes all the required minerals like Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, iodine, zinc etc. is extremely essential for a proper functioning body. Deficiency in any of these can cause several disorders. Lowering of potassium and sodium in diet leads to hypokalemia and hyponatremia. 135-145 mEq/L is considered a normal

The coagulation pathway is a set of events that results in hemostasis. The coagulation cascade is also known as secondary hemostasis. The coagulation cascade involves the activation of a series of clotting factors, which are further involved in blood clotting. It is a chain of events that occurs during the formation of a blood clot

The heart’s principal role is to pump blood throughout the body in a repeating rhythm. Electrical impulses govern the filling and emptying of the heart’s blood by contracting and relaxing the muscles.  The heart beats 100,000 times a day on average. The heart’s pumping phase, known as the systole, is followed by a resting phase,

Isovolumic relaxation is an interval in the cardiac cycle that occurs between aortic component (second heart sound) closure and mitral valve opening (the starting point of filling). Diastolic dysfunction can be detected by measuring this value. M-mode sonography along with Doppler echocardiography as well as phonocardiogram and transmitral Doppler, can be used to measure it.

Intervals are used to segment the cardiac cycle. The valve movement is as follows: First, the mitral valve shuts down followed by contractions in the heart in an isovolumetric manner. It leads to ventricular ejection at a rapid rate and then both valves get closed, causing the heart to relax at the same time. After

The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ that is roughly the size and form of a man’s closed fist, with two-thirds of its mass located to the left of the midline. A pericardial sac surrounds the heart, which is lined with the parietal layers of a serous membrane. The epicardium is formed by the

Introduction Hypertension also known as blood pressure is a serious health issue that affects many worldwide. Recent statistical studies of WHO depicts that in coming years the patients of hypertension may increase upto 1.57 billions by the year 2025. The fluid connective tissue blood is transported to various body parts via arteries. Blood pressure refers

The human heart is an organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system’s veins, giving oxygen and nutrition to the tissues while also eliminating carbon dioxide and other pollutants. The human heart is in the middle of the chest, just to the left of the sternum (breastbone). According to the Texas Heart Institute, it is