Circulation: Heart, cardiac cycle, blood pressure

Cardiac output is the heart’s ability to pump a certain amount of blood. It is the product of the heart rate and stroke volume. We measure this calculated cardiac output in litres/minutes.  However, you do not focus simply on the heart for calculating cardiac output. One must consider the entire cardiovascular system and extracardiac variables. […]

Introduction Birds and mammals possess a closed circulatory system with a network of blood vessels to take the blood to and fro from the heart. It is also responsible for the excretion of harmful components like CO2 out of our bodies. The body fluids and circulation deal with how the cardiac system supports double circulation,

Introduction Blood vessels are responsible for delivering blood to your body’s organs and tissues. They get the oxygen and nutrients they require from the bloodstream. Waste products and CO2 are also carried away from your organs and tissues by blood vessels.Although blood arteries resemble tubes, they rarely run in a straight line. Some of them

 In our article on blood coagulation, we will get to know deeply about the meaning of coagulation of blood, the mechanism behind coagulation of blood and its major factors. It will help you develop a general basic understanding of the whole process of coagulation of blood. This article is a comprehensive section in blood coagulation

Before understanding different types of circulatory system disorders, their types, and what causes them, we should start by knowing what the circulatory system is. The circulatory system is commonly known as the cardiovascular system. It consists of the heart and all the blood vessels that pass throughout the body. This system is crucial for providing

Atrial systole is the contraction of cardiac muscle cells of both left and right atria after electrical stimulation and conduction across the chambers. It starts at the beginning of a heartbeat and ends when another heartbeat begins. The systole causes the pumping of blood in the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The atrial blood pressure during

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can be defined as a natriuretic peptide hormone in the human body that is secreted from the atria.  The atria of the heart are crucial regulators of blood pressure and volume. The atrial natriuretic factor’s principal purpose is to reduce the volume of expanded extracellular fluid (ECF) by boosting salt excretion

The cardiac cycle is an electrical cycle of the heart where the heart expands and relaxes to receive and pump out blood respectively. The cardiac cycle is divided into the systole and the diastole. The systole is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, where the chambers of the heart contract to push the blood

Do you know how our blood circulates throughout our bodies? Blood is transported through blood vessels, which are a component of the circulatory system. The heart uses a network of blood arteries to transport blood throughout the body. Blood veins transport blood to and from our billions of cells, providing nourishment and removing waste. The

The term ‘artery’ originates from a Greek word (arteria); these are the veins that take blood from the heart and send it to different body parts. Most of them take oxygenated blood; two exceptions are pneumonic and umbilical ones, which carry deoxygenated blood for oxygenation. The compelling blood vessel blood volume is the extracellular fluid