Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Proteins, carbohydrate polymers and other glycoproteins may move freely between the phospholipid bilayers, often referred to as ‘fluid mosaic models’. These molecules serve several purposes, including serving as channels for chemicals to enter and exit the cell, signalling devices, and even enzymes engaged in metabolic processes.  In general, phospholipids contain tails that are hydrophobically attached […]

In the field of stereochemistry, the word Epimer refers to one of two stereoisomers. According to the stereogenic centre, the two isomers present in the molecules differ from one another while the remaining is similar. Some of the forms of glucose epimers include starch, glycogen, glucose, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. The stereoisomers -D-mannopyranose and -D-glucopyranose are

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a kind of DNA that has been verified. It is made up of nucleotides, which are basic biological building components. DNA is found in every cell of the organism, and it guides the cells on how to manufacture proteins. The bulk of these proteins are enzymes. The process of compacting DNA

Introduction Watson and Crick gave the DNA structure. According to their model DNA is a double-helical structure with two polynucleotide strands that run antiparallel. Due to phosphate groups in the DNA backbone, this double helix is negatively charged. The cell produces histone proteins that bind to the DNA to counteract the negative charge. These histone

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) derives its name from its structure, sugar and phosphate, which form the backbone of DNA. Here deoxyribose refers to the sugar, and nucleic acid refers to the bases or Phosphate. DNA is an integral part of our body and is responsible for defining who we are. In addition, it is responsible for

The three major types of RNA found in cells are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. RNA is typically a single-stranded molecule made up of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. In all RNA nucleotides, the pentose sugar is the ribose. Transcription produces RNA with the help of the RNA polymerase enzyme. Though the functions of each RNA

The two primary kinds of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA (RNA). DNA is the genetic substance found in all living things, from bacteria to mammals. It is present in eukaryotic nuclei, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Prokaryotic DNA is not encased in a membrane, but rather floats freely in the cytoplasm. However, RNA is important in

Cholesterol is a lipid that’s either a fat or a fat-like molecule. It is soft and waxy in nature. Cholesterol is a steroid lipid. Steroids are a type of lipid with a unique chemical structure. The structure is composed of four carbon atom rings. Cholesterol is found only in animal cells. The body needs some

Cholesterol is a lipid that’s either a fat or a fat-like molecule. It is soft and waxy in nature. Cholesterol is a steroid lipid. Steroids are a type of lipid with a unique chemical structure. The structure is composed of four carbon atom rings. Cholesterol is found only in animal cells. The body needs some

Introduction  The cell is the basic unit of every living creature on earth. The primary chemical constituents of cells are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus. Most of the cell constituents are water molecules. The amount of protein is more in the cell than the DNA. However, the DNA is larger than these protein