Heat cannot transfer from a cold system to a hot system on its own without some external activity being done on the system. This is precisely what refrigerators and heat pumps are designed to do. Heat moves from hot to cold in a refrigerator, but only when it is compelled to do so by external […]
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsIn 1824 Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot developed Carnot’s theorem or Carnot rule. It deals with the efficiency of a heat engine in which there is no limit set for heat engines; they can have unlimited values. And the efficiency only depends on the hot and cold reservoir temperature of the heat engine. Of all the
What is Carnot’s ideal heat engine? Carnot’s ideal heat engine is an ideal heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. The model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. Its working is similar to the heat engine and it’s based on the second law of thermodynamics. The second law
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsWhat is Carnot’s cycle proof or theorem? Carnot’s heat engine is an ideal heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot developed the model for this engine in 1824. Its working is similar to the heat engine and is based on the second law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics It
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsWhat is the Carnot cycle, and what are its stages? When the Carnot engine works, the working substance of the engine undergoes a cycle known as the Carnot cycle. This cycle has four different stages. But before we get to know about the Carnot cycle in detail, we have to understand the second law of
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsEntropy is a thermodynamic property that explains the state of a system. A thermodynamic system is a part of the universe under observation, and the rest of the universe is the surroundings. The entropy of a system cannot be measured directly but we can find the difference in entropy of the initial and final states
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsThe American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs gave Gibbs free energy. The benefits of thermodynamics laws and Gibbs’s free energy equations will reduce experimental cost and time. Gibbs free energy is based on thermodynamic second law, which means “In an isolated system entropy of a system is always increased if there is no additional force”. Calculating
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Class 11, IIT JEE, Physics, Second law, entropy, and Carnot engine, ThermodynamicsElasticity Elasticity is defined as the property of an object under which it resists any kind of change in its dimensions such as size and shape when any deforming force is exerted on it and regains its shape and size after the removal of the applied deforming force. Stress When the deforming force is applied
The eruption of lava from a volcano occurs when hot materials from the Earth’s interior are ejected from the volcano’s vent. Volcanic eruptions can occur from either the side branches or the summit of the volcano. Some eruptions are violent explosions that eject massive amounts of rock and volcanic ash into the atmosphere, causing widespread
The concept of Variations of the Equation sets a relationship between two variables in such a way that one variable is equal to constant multiplied by the other variable. Thus, the concept tries to create a dependency between two variables. The field of physics uses this concept very frequently. For instance, we have the formula
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Class 11, First law and its applications, IIT JEE, Physics, Thermodynamics