Surface tension

All matter is composed of molecules, and each molecule has variable degrees of attraction to the molecules around it. Because of this intermolecular attraction, the molecules in your drink, or even the ice in your drink, stay together in a glass or as a puddle on the table top rather than drifting away into the […]

Surface tension is the tendency of a fluid to contract to the smallest possible surface area. This property of the liquid is based on the fact that the molecules of liquid are in a different state at the surface than in the centre of the liquid. Surface tension is determined not only by the attractive

Introduction  This article will discuss the concept of surface energy from NCERT chapter 10-Mechanical properties of Fluids. We will discuss the concept of surface energy, its relation to surface tension, the surface energy formula, along with some solved examples.  Defining surface energy  When the surface of the liquid molecules exhibits excess energy compared to the

Introduction to diamond structure Diamond is the hardest mineral, consisting of carbon. Diamonds are naturally occurring solid forms of carbon with atoms grouped in a diamond cubic crystal structure. In a diamond, each carbon atom is surrounded by four other carbon atoms linked together by covalent bonds.  Diamond has a crystallographic and cubic structure. The

Introduction In chemistry, understanding chemical bonding is crucial. When atoms interact, a bond holds them together. Chemical bonds are further divided into four types: ionic, covalent, polar, and hydrogen bonds. However, we’ll be talking about sigma bonds and pi bonds, which are both types of covalent bonds. A sigma bond is a chemical link formed

Introduction One of the earliest models proposed to describe the structure of an atom was the plum pudding model proposed by J.J Thomson. It states that the atom consists of a homogeneous sphere of positive charges, inside of which are tiny negatively charged particles(electrons).  To test the validity of this model, Ernest Rutherford experimented in

Introduction The matter is composed of molecules, and many atoms join together using interatomic linkages known as “bonding” or “chemical bonding”. The chemical bonding helps in holding together the atoms forcefully to make compounds, or we can say molecules. To understand the concept of Chemical bonding, one must be aware of some important terms. The

In 1923, Kazimierz Fajans formulated rules for predicting whether the bond is predominantly ionic or covalent. Fajans’ rule can be explained via the concept of chemical bonding and its types. This article covers the main description of Fajans’ rule and its postulates. Let’s see a brief about chemical bonding before delving into Fajans’ rule. Chemical

Capillary action, also known as capillary motion, capillarity or wicking, is the ability of a liquid to flow through a tiny space without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, other forces such as gravity. We can more readily characterise the capillary and the action as a phenomenon that occurs when liquids ascend through

Diamonds, the hardest mineral on the planet, are made out of carbon. They are carbon-based solids with atoms arranged in a diamond cubic crystal structure that occur naturally. Diamonds are the most popular and expensive gemstone; it is usual in many cultures to propose to a female with diamonds, which drives up demand. Each carbon