Class 12

Proteins are composed of polypeptides which are produced from amino acid chains, the polymer’s monomeric units. A specific amino acid molecule is often recognised as a residue, which denotes a functional group of small molecules arranged, a repeating unit.  Proteins are the outcome of the decryption stage, which commences with details in DNA synthesis. Proteins […]

Introduction All proteins comprise long chains of ⍺-amino acids (alpha-amino acids). Amino acids are organic compounds and form the building components for the living system necessary for the growth and development of human beings. About 300 amino acids occur in nature. The key elements of amino acids consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),

Introduction Egg whites include huge amounts of proteins known as albumins, and albumins typically have a distinct three-dimensional shape as a result of the formation of links between different amino acids in the protein. As a result of the heating, these connections are broken, exposing hydrophobic (water-hating) amino acids that were previously hidden on the

Proteins are referred to as the “building blocks of life” because they are the most prevalent molecules found in the body, accounting for approximately 60% of the dry weight of cells. Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. They are the most frequent cells found in all living species,

Introduction A sol in which the size of solute particles is halfway between those in evident arrangement and suspension is called Colloids. Just, colloids are the combinations where one substance is parted into minute particles which are scattered all through a subsequent substance. for example Cleanser arrangement, milk, blood, and so forth are a portion

Permanent tissues are groups of similar cells that have lost the capability to differentiate; that is, in simpler words, cells of permanent tissues have taken up a particular shape and size through a process known as differentiation. Cells of permanent tissue cannot divide or differentiate. Permanent tissues are formed from meristematic tissues and in the

Peptide bond:  The scientist Emil Fischer, known as the father of peptides, discovered the peptide bond. Word “Peptide” is a Greek word meaning “digested.” Peptides are amides which are formed by the elimination of a water molecule by the condensation of two or more similar or different alpha-amino acids. When two or more than two

The molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that can retain its physical characteristics. It is made of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. The diameter of a molecule is less than 10 Ao (10-6 nm). For Example, 5H2O is 5 molecules of water, Cl2 is 1 molecule of chlorine. Multimolecular

A big organic molecule, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that has a specific shape and function are called macromolecules. As a result of their enormous size, macromolecules are composed of more than 10,000 or even more atoms. Macromolecules are polar in nature, with their heads and tails having distinct physical and chemical

Lyophobic means a water-repelling molecule. At the same time, sols are the heterogeneous system of colloids which includes solid as the dispersed phase and a liquid as the dispersion medium. The lyophobic sols are a crucial part of surface chemistry. Along with lyophilic, lyophobic is one of two major categories of colloids. You will learn