Class 11

The Brownian movement is named after Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist who was the first to study these vibrations (1827). Brown was looking into the pollen grain fertilisation of a newly found species of flowering plants when he spotted a fast rhythmic movement of microparticles inside the pollen grains held in liquid underneath the microscope. […]

Chemical kinetics is one of the essential branches of physical chemistry because it deals with the study of chemical reaction rates. In simpler words, you can compare it to thermodynamics, which is concerned with the direction in which a reaction takes place. Chemical kinetics is a clock, whereas thermodynamics is an arrow in time.  Kinetics

Displacement reactions are chemical reactions in which one compound replaces another. In these reactions, the reactants are displaced from their original position. Hence, it is widely accepted that displacement reactions are chemical reactions that occur when one substance replaces another through the displacement process. Furthermore, displacement reactions can occur in many different reactions, including hydrolysis,

The Optimum Temperature And PH For The Action Of An Enzyme It is important to know the pH range of each enzyme. It is usually close to neutral or neutral for most enzymes to work at their best. In a pH range of 5-7, the enzyme activity is said to be maximum. Alternatively, some enzymes

Chemical reactions, in general, show an increase in the rate of reaction for an increase in temperature. For example, it takes about 6-12 minutes to boil 1 liter of water at 100°. However, when left in the open at room temperature, the same amount of water may take hours to evaporate. This is because water

Reaction rate: Chemical reaction at a pace is referred to as the reaction rate. It’s most commonly represented as the concentration (amount per unit volume) of a product formed in a unit of time or the concentration (amount per unit volume) of a reactant consumed in a unit of time. It is also measured as

The quantitative approach of the reactants or products involved in a reaction is referred to as chemical stoichiometry. The term “stoichiometry” comes from the Greek words “stoikhein” – which means element, and “metron”, which means measure. Jeremias Richter, a German chemist, discovered the term “stoichiometry.” Stoichiometry is defined as determining the reactants and the products

Second-order reactions are chemical reactions that are dependent on the concentrations of either two first-order reactants or one second-order reactant. Because second-order reactions can be any of the two types outlined above, their rates can be generalized as follows r=k[A]x[B]y Rate of Reaction : Let a reaction be – aA + bB cC + dD 

Enzyme inhibitors are chemicals that interfere with an enzyme’s catalytic function, slowing or stopping catalysis in some situations. Competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition are the three most common kinds of enzyme inhibition. The existence of the enzyme-substrate complex ES is at the heart of most inhibition theories. The existence of transient ES structures has been

The formation and disappearance of chemical compounds are common phenomena. This happens when two or more substances react, and a new compound is formed. Sometimes the reaction is fast, and the compound is formed immediately; sometimes, it takes time, and sometimes, the compound is not formed at all.  The rates of formation and disappearance of