Mole concept

Carbon has different allotropes, such as graphite and diamond. Graphite is soft, opaque, and can conduct electricity; on the other hand, diamond is hard, transparent, and cannot conduct electricity. Both are pure carbon, but still, they have different properties. It is because of the arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule. The process of hybridisation […]

The intermixing of atomic orbitals typically results in the formation of hybrid orbitals with completely different energies, shapes, and other characteristics.  The atomic orbitals with the same energy level are the ones that are most involved in hybridisation.  In this process, however, both fully filled and half-filled orbitals can participate, as long as they have

An emulsion is the colloidal dispersion of two immiscible liquids where one liquid acts as the medium of dispersion and the other as a dispersed phase. In simpler terms, it is a special type of mixture prepared by combining two liquids that don’t usually mix.  The word emulsion derives from the Latin term “emulgere”, which

Heterogeneous catalysis is a process in which the phase of the catalysts differs from the phase of the reactants or products. In comparison, homogeneous catalysis occurs when the reactants, products, and catalysts reside in the same phase. Not only does phase discriminate between solid, liquid, and gas components, but also between immiscible mixes (e.g., oil

Important chapters in Physical Chemistry Mole Concept: A mole is a unit of measurement used to measure the amount of any fundamental quantity such as atoms, molecules, ions that are present in any substance. A mole is very much similar to the weight, as it helps in understanding the amount of a substance present; it is

All gases usually show the same behaviour when conditions are normal. But with small changes in body conditions such as pressure, temperature or volume this indicates deviation. The rules of gas are to analyse this gas behaviour. Flexible conditions such as pressure, volume and temperature of a gas indicate its true nature. Which is why

In a nutshell, a process in which two or more orbitals of different types overlap and give rise to new orbitals of equivalent energy is termed Hybridization. Moreover, the Hybridization of any element results in one of five shapes. This article provides an explanation of the basic shapes of hybridization notes. Furthermore, the shape of

Colloids occur in abundance in nature, and we can also synthetically produce them. Colloids have a broad range of applications; therefore, it is critical to have a comprehensive classification system.   Colloids are the combination of a dispersed phase and a dispersion medium. We can divide them into groups based on the dispersed phase and the

What is an emulsion?   An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, one being dispersed phase and the other being dispersion medium. Its particle size lies between the true solution and suspension, an emulsion, is a colloidal solution. To simply put the definition of emulsion, we need to know some of the crucial phrases

Emulsions are mixtures made up of two or more liquid types, where one is in the form of droplets of microscopic or even ultramicroscopic size that are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. This is typically formed from the liquid components, either in their natural state or, more commonly, through the use of mechanisms such as