Chemical stoichiometry

Many people confuse sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; however, they are not the same substance. Even though both the compounds include sodium, their applications are quite different. As a byproduct of metabolism, the human body emits carbon dioxide. The majority of this CO2  is dissolved in the plasma and is present as bicarbonate. The carbonate and […]

In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation is a stabilising reaction in which the localisation of σ electrons of the C-H bond takes place. This C-H bond is directly attached to an atom that has an unshared p orbital. An example of hyperconjugation is the interaction between the electrons of p and s bonds of a substituent group

What is carbocation? Carbocations are also known as carbonium ions. Typically, carbocation is a term used to refer to a positively charged carbon atom that is short of electrons. Carbocation has a positive charge because it lacks electrons. This means that the carbon can accept another two electrons. This sets apart a carbocation from other

In simpler words, carbocation and carbanion are particular types of carbon atom molecules that carry different electrical charges. Carbocation atoms are carbon plus cation, and hence, they have a positive charge. Similarly, carbanion is the combination of carbon and anion and carries negative charges. Both the molecules possess various characteristics alongside a few classifications. Moreover,

In chemistry, Calgon’s process can be defined as a process to create complex anions by ionising them. Calgon’s process is used to soften water by eliminating calcium and magnesium ions from hard water.  Softening of Water What is Hardness of Water? Water with high dissolved mineral salt content of metals such as calcium, iron or

A chemist uses different types of notation or formulas to analyze a compound. These notations are empirical formulas, molecular formulas, and structural formulas. Different formulas are used for different purposes.  The empirical formula is the simplest one. It is the most straightforward one that is why it is also known as the analytics formula. They

The pH of any material is crucial in the science of chemistry. One must recognise and understand the nature of the chemical, solution, or liquid. This involves understanding any chemistry-based material or solution’s acidic, basic, or neutral properties. These properties also hold significance in our daily lives. For instance, too much acidic content in food

A buffer solution is a solution that is added when the pH of the solution should be maintained even after adding small amounts of acid or base to that solution. In simple terms, we can call it a pH controller.They are basically an aqueous solution of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt

A buffer is a chemical agent that helps keep the pH of a solution approximately constant, even when acids or bases are added. Buffering is vital in living systems, allowing them to maintain homeostasis or a relatively consistent internal environment. However, in this article, the main topic of discussion is buffer solution problems to help

There are numerous applications in research and science where variations in pH can be severely damaging. One instance of this happens in the human body, where alterations to blood pH can become potentially fatal. However, an internal physical mechanism known as bicarbonate buffering maintains a constant blood pH. In laboratories, it is common practice to