Chemical stoichiometry

In chemistry, the catalyst is vital for understanding the basic concept of reaction. Catalyst is a substance that promotes the reaction rate by changing the path of reaction. Most of the catalyst is used to speed up or decrease the speed of any reaction between some particular molecules. However, suppose we study more about catalysts. […]

Corrosion is a gradual degradation of metal when it comes in contact with surroundings like moisture and air, thus forming the oxides of the metal on its surface. This phenomenon is called corrosion, and the metal on which the phenomenon occurs is known as corroded metal. Metals undergo corrosion easily, and due to this, their

Distillation is a frequently used process in chemical analysis for characterizing materials and extracting specific components from a whole matrix by producing a purity index. Distillation is a liquid purification procedure that can separate components of a combination if their boiling points are considerably different. A liquid is boiled in a “distilling flask,” then the

Distance is an important parameter used in day-to-day life. We can easily tell how far two objects are placed by measuring their distance. Distance is the length of the straight line that joins the two points given in space.  With the help of the ‘distance formula’, we can easily calculate the distance between two well-defined

In chemistry and biochemistry, dissociation is a general mechanism through which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts and complexes) dissociate or break down into smaller components such as ions, radicals or atoms in a reversible manner. Dissociation is the polar opposite of connection or recombination. Dissociation is when water breaks down into hydrogen and

Water with a high mineral concentration is known as hard water. Dissolved calcium and magnesium are the major causes of hard water. There are two types of hardness – temporary and permanent. Temporary hardness refers to the hardness of water induced by calcium bicarbonate. On the other hand, hardness linked with other mineral salts is

When monosubstituted benzene is subjected to electrophilic attack, the reaction rate  and attack site depend on the functional groups already attached. A substituent already present on the ring has two effects: on orientation and reactivity.  Substituents affect the orientation of the reaction in three possible di-substitution products. The type of substituent already present on the

All six hydrogen atoms in benzene rings are equivalent, as we’ve shown. As a result, any substitution that replaces one of these six hydrogen atoms always results in a single mono substituted product.  When mono-substituted benzene is further substituted, however, the group on the benzene ring influences the incoming attacking groups. The directional impact of

A colligative property is a quality of a substance determined by the number of particles (molecules or atoms) present but not by the nature of the particles. Two examples of colligative properties are the pressure of an ideal gas and the lowering of a solvent’s freezing point due to dissolved particles. Colligative properties are useful

Adsorption is an important procеss for a variеty of applications, such as thе rеmoval of pollutants from watеr, production of chеmicals, and thе purification of industrial solvеnts. In this articlе, wе will еxplorе different instances of adsorption.  Adsorption is an occlusion of a molеculе or ion in thе solid phasе. It can be defined as