Chemical stoichiometry

When the oxidation states of atoms change, a chemical process is said to be redox, and it is defined as follows: It is characterized by the actual or formal transfer of electrons between chemical species, with the majority of redox reactions involving one species (the reducing agent) going through oxidation (and thus losing electrons) while […]

It is a white solid crystalline chemical compound that is normally found in the form of a powder. This salt is made up of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions, respectively. NaHCO3 is the molecular formula for this compound. It is a shaky foundation. It is frequently referred to as baking soda and is used in

Molecularity is the number of molecules that react together in an elementary reaction and is equal to the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants in that elementary reaction. A chemical reaction that takes place in only one step, i.e. everything that takes place in one step, is called an elementary reaction, while a

A gaseous molecule, HCl, for example, is a relatively stable molecule that does not operate as an acid or basic unless another molecule is applied to the mix. When water is added to the solution, the HCl quickly interacts with it, forming H3O+ & Cl–. Bronsted Lowry Definition A molecule that may readily abandon (donate)

In 1904, Richard Abegg formulated what is now known as Abegg’s rule, which states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is usually eight. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis used it to formulate the “octet rule” in his theory of cubic atoms: atoms will react to bring themselves into

Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group Introduction What is a Nucleophilic addition response?  In chemistry, a nucleophilic chemical response is a chemical response where a conflation with an electrophilic double or triple bond reacts with a nucleophile, such that the double or triple bond is broken.  Addition to carbon – heteroatom double bonds  Body Nucleophilic Addition

This article aims to provide easy-to-understand notes on nucleophilic addition reactions. Here, the focus will be on the nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compounds. We will be studying why ketones and aldehydes go through nucleophilic addition reactions while the alkene groups go through electrophilic addition reactions, as well as the various attacks by reagents for

The term “nucleophile” refers to compounds that transfer electron pairs to electrophiles in order to establish chemical bonds with them. Any ion or molecule with a free electron pair or a pi bond carrying two electrons can act as a nucleophile. As formerly acknowledged, nucleophiles are electron-rich species with the ability to contribute electron pairs.

Nuclear chemistry is a branch of chemical science that involves studying the atom’s nucleus, forces in play within the nucleus and its reactions when subjected to various processes. It also deals with the radioactive nature of some elements and the energy released by bombarding nuclei of atoms with another nucleus. This branch of chemistry is

In the research lab, normality, abbreviated as “N,” is a helpful technique of assessing the concentration of various solutions. Although it has various applications in the research lab, we use it almost entirely in the water and wastewater domains to determine the concentrations of acids and bases for such solutions as titrants in acidity and