Atomic and molecular masses

Introduction  The VSEPR theory was introduced by Powell and Sidgwick in 1940. This theory is mainly used for predicting a molecule’s shape from the electron pairs. In this article, we will discuss the VSEPR theory, Linear Shape of molecules and other related topics.  VSEPR theory  The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, commonly known as […]

Many significant things happen around us that go unnoticed, such as the phenomena of emission and absorption in the atom. The feature of matter that causes the spontaneous release of energetic subatomic particles is known as radioactivity. It is impossible to predict which atom from a collection of atoms will disintegrate at a given time

The kinetic theory of gases is a simple, classical model of the thermodynamic behaviour of gases. It has established many fundamental thermodynamic concepts and is also historically significant.  We use this theoretical model to study the action and reaction of gas molecules and the thermodynamic behaviour of gases. The model describes the composition of gas

Every element in the periodic table has Ionisation Energy, which can also be associated with the ionisation potential. So, what is ionisation energy?  It is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom and generate an ion. Usually, we express it in kJ/mol, which is calculated on the basis of an isolated atom

The nucleus of an atom is made up of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, and it is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Electronically neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. The atom has a net electrical charge if the total number of electrons does not equal the total

Introduction Intermolecular forces are the forces that attract molecules together. They determine various bulk properties, including melting points, temperatures, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Compared to a low-boiling-point liquid, such as hexane (C6H14, b.p. 68.73 °C), a high-boiling-point liquid, such as water (H2O, b.p. 100 °C) exhibits stronger intermolecular forces. Ion–dipole forces, dipole-dipole

In quantum mechanics, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is the most important principle, which states that it is very difficult or nearly impossible to measure more than one quantum variable (as it is defined by its wave function) simultaneously. This principle has been present in physics for a long time, making its importance too high. Theoretically, both

When you study for national-level examinations like IIT JEE Mains or Advance, you cannot afford to miss even a single topic as it might haunt you while writing the paper. And if it’s one of the most crucial topics, there’s absolutely no escape. In the list of important topics to crack IIT JEE Mains, one

The inductive effect, also known as the I Effect, is a phenomenon that depends on the distance. In this effect, the charge of a chemical bond influences the orientation of adjacent bonds in a molecule, resulting in a permanent state of polarisation. This article has gauged the Stability of Molecules with the Inductive Effect (Solved

For understanding the chemistry of elements, it is important to understand their electronic configuration at the beginning. After all, it is these negatively charged particles that determine whether an element will behave like a cation or an anion or will form covalent bonds. Other than that, the electronic arrangements can also declare what kind of